语篇填空答题技巧

时间:2022-10-05 08:02:01

语篇填空答题技巧

语篇填空旨在考查学生在阅读理解的基础上对语法知识的掌握情况,着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力。其“突出语篇,强调运用”的命题思路,不仅充分体现了语言测试的交际性原则,也很好地体现了高中英语课程改革的教学理念,要求考生需对每一个语法项目的基本概念、用法等都必须掌握清楚,如明白什么时候用冠词,哪些是从句,要填的词的词性是什么,是否是固定搭配,所填的词是否符合文章的主题,上下文逻辑等。

做语篇填空需具备以下能力:阅读理解短文的能力;分析句子结构的能力;熟练运用语法的能力;单词拼写的能力。

语篇填空的考查范围:(1)语境(上下文);(2)语法、词法:动词、名词单复数、代词、冠词、介词、复合词、形容词和副词的比较级/最高级及构词法、特殊句式等。

那么,语篇填空的解题技巧有哪些呢?

一、纯空格试题的解题技巧

纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词。

首先,分析句子结构,根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后,根据句子意思,确定具体填什么词;或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。共有以下六个技巧:

技巧1:在简单句和并列句中,若句子缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词。

例1:I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and 1 gets there almost in a second.

技巧2:名词前面若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等),很可能是填限定词。

例2:It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help 2 rice crop grow up quickly.

技巧3:名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一定是填介词。

例3:…who should have the honour of receiving me 3 a guest in their house.

技巧4: 若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词。

例4:…two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso

4 Cabdido Poitinari, which are worth millions of dollars.

技巧5:若两个句子(即两个主谓结构)之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填并列连词(连接并列的句子)或从属连词(连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句)。

例5:The greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini 5 died in 1926.

例6:He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, 6 he felt very happy.

技巧6: 由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。

(1) 由it is … that… 强调结构的形式,判断it 还是that。判断方法:去掉it is … that…结构,句子还是一个完整的句子就是强调句型。

(2) 由it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断,空格是否填it。

例7:…and 7 was only after I heard she become sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精).

例8:… as 8 took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two words-famous artists..

例9:Dating sites also makes 9 easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.

(3) 在倒b句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not…until等词。

例10: 10 with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.

(4) so / such …that…句型。

例11:This made the goat so jealous 11 it began plotting against the donkey.

(5) more …than…(与其说……不如说……,比……更……)句型。

例12:Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares 12 how much he pays.

二、给出了动词的试题解题技巧

首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,然后按照以下两点技巧进行思考。

技巧7:若句子没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态语态。

例13:When I die, I 13 (give) everything to you.

例14:That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, 14 (close) my book and walked away.

例15:In Loganm three people 15 (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.

例16:Being too anxious to help an event develop often 16 (result) the contrary to our intention.(2008年广东高考语法填空)

例17:Now, Valentine’s Day is 17 (celebrate) in many countries around the world.

技巧8: 若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词,就要确定是v-ing形式,-ed形式,还是不定式,确定的方法主要有:

(1)作主语或宾语,通常用v-ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况。

例18:…but it is not enough only 18 (memorize) rules from a grammar book.

例19: 19 (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…

(2) 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式。

例20: 20 (complete) the project as planed, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.

(3) 作伴随状语,通常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词(v-ing);若是被动关系,用过去分词(-ed)。

例21:He saw the stone, 21 (say) to himself: “the night will be very dark.”

例22:The headmaster went into the lab, 22

(follow) by the foreign guests.

技巧9: 动词的词类转换主要作主语、宾语和定语。

例23:There are 23 (comfort) feelings often as any kind of physical pain.

例24:They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 24 (equip) to dig holes.

例25:These people have made great 25 (contribute) to China with their work.

三、词类转换题的解题技巧

这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词,根据该词在句中所作句子成分确定用哪种形式,具体技巧有以下四种。

技巧10: 作表语(在系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或宾补(表性质状态),通常用形容词形式。

例26:The youngster immediately fell 26 (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.

例27:Teachers must try their best to make most of their students 27 (interest) in the subject.

技巧11:修动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式。

例28:As I looked 28 (close) at this girl, I found that…

例29: 29 (fortune),the guest escaped unharmed.

技巧12:有的词义转换题,词类或词性不一定要变,主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词,需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系,在词根前加un-, im-, in-等,在词根后加-less等。

例30: People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is 30 (use).

例31:Your mistake caused a lot of 31 (necessary) work in the office.

技巧13:括号中所给词若是形容词或副词,有可能考查其比较级或最高级。

例32:The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could… he jumped even 32 (hard) and nearly made himself out.

例33:The 33 (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said.

例34:…, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 34 (high).

以上仅对语篇填空中的主要情况进行了概括,在做语篇填空题时,还应注意英语中的固定句型、固定搭配等。

答案:1. it 2. his 3. as 4. and 5. who 6. but 7. it 8. it 9. it 10. Only 11. that 12. than 13. will give 14. closed 15. were taken 16. results in 17. celebrated 18. to memorize 19. Speaking 20. To complete 21. saying 22. followed 23. uncomfortable 24. equipment 25. contributions 26. silent 27. interested 28. closely 29. Fortunately 30. useless 31. unnecessary 32. harder 33. worse 34. higher

(作者单位:黑龙江省青冈一中)

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