时间:2022-09-27 06:58:07
关系代词as和which在非限制性定语从句中到底有什么相同点和不同点,这是同学们在做题时感到头痛的问题。本文总结它们的三个相同点和四个不同点。
相同点
1.as和which都可以在SVP(主语+动词/系动词+表语)或SV(主语+谓语)结构的非限制性定语从句中作主语,此时两者可互换。如:
Hesaidhehadfallensick,which/aswasreallytrue.
他说他生病了,这是真的。
The river was frozen again last winter,which/as is oftenthecaseinthisdistrictinwinter.
这条河去年冬天又被冻住了,在冬天这个地区经常如此。
Thelittlegirlgotthefirstprizeinthedancing competition,which/ascameoutunexpected.
小女孩在跳舞比赛中夺冠,结果出人意料。
2.在SVP(主语+动词/系动词+表语)结构的非限制性定语从句中,as和which在定语从句中作表语时可互换,此时的as和which指代上文中的表语。如:
He always seems quite optimistic even in front of difficultsituations,which/asinfactheis.
即使在艰难的情况下,他总是看起来很乐观,其实他是很乐观。
Mrs.Lilookedill,which/asshereallywas.
李夫人看上去病了,她真的是病了。
3.在SVO(主语+谓语+宾语)结构的非限制性定语从句中,as和which在从句中作宾语时可以互换。如:
He is an American,as/which we know from his accent.
他是美国人,我们从他的口音可以了解这一点。
Mybrother wasangrywith me,as/whichI couldsee fromhisfacialexpressions.
我兄弟对我很生气,我从他的面部表情能看得出来。
Iwasveryusefultohim,as/whichherealized.
我对他很有用,他意识到了这一点。
不同点
1.在SVO(主语+谓语+宾语)结构的非限制性定语从句中,作主语时通常用which,而不用as。此处的which指代上文所提到的整个内容。如:
Tom has made much progress in his study,which delightedhisteachersandparents.
汤姆在学习方面取得了很大进步,这使他的老师和父母很高兴。
Mary spoke to her mom in such a rude way,which astonishedeveryonepresent.
玛丽以那种粗鲁的方式和妈妈讲话,这使在场的每个人都很吃惊。
You praised the naughty boy in front of the whole classinclass,whichencouragedhimtoworkharder.
你在班上当着全班同学的面表扬这个调皮的孩子,这是在鼓励他更加努力。
2.在SVOOc(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)结构中的非限制性定语从句中,作主语或宾语时通常用which,而不用as。此处的which指代上文所提到的整个内容。如:
It was raining heavily last night,which kept us indoors.(which在定语从句中作主语)
昨晚在下大雨,这使我们呆在室内。
He shouted to me in public,which made me annoyed.(which在定语从句中作主语)
他在公共场合大声对我叫喊,这使我恼火。
The thief kept silent all the time when questioned bythepolice,whichleftthepoliceataloss.(which在定语从句中作主语)
小偷在被警察询问时一直保持沉默,这使警察不知所措。
Lucy always tells lies,which her parents find strange.(which在定语从句中作宾语)
露茜总是撒谎,这令她的父母感到很奇怪。
3.在引导非限制性定语从句时,as通常用在表示肯定意义的从句中,而不能用在表示否定意义的从句中;which则不受此限制,which既可用在表示肯定意义的从句中,也可用在表示否定意义的从句中。如:
Wespentawholeweektogetherinthecountryside,whichwasreallyunforgettable.(不能用as代替which)
我们在农村一起度过了整整一个星期,这真是难忘。
He changed his mind at the last moment,which we couldn’tbear.(不能用as代替which)
他在最后一刻改变了主意,这一点让我们无法忍受。
OurEnglishteacherhasbeentransferredtoanother school,whichisnotwhatwehavehopedfor.(不能用as代替which)
我们的英语老师已经调到另一所学校了,这不是我们所希望的。
4. as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活,既可以放在句末,也可位于句首或句中,which引导的非限制性定语从句的位置较固定,通常位于句末,而不可移至句首。如:
As is well-known,the earth moves around the sun.(不能用which代替as)
众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。
Water,aswe all know,is indispensable to all living creatures.(不能用which代替as)
水,正如我们都知道的,对所有生物都是必不可少的。
He got married to Betty last year,as/which was quitenatural.(能用which代替as)
他去年与贝蒂结婚了,这是很自然的。
练习
1.______isoftenthe case,we have worked out the productionplan.
A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As
2. As many members were present _____ agreed to theplan.
A.whoB.thatC.whichD.as
3. Some of the roads were flooded,______ made ourjourneymoredifficult.
A.whichB.thatC.asD.it
4. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running,______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.
A.whoB.thatC.asD.which
5. ______ might be expected,a knowledge of psychologyisessentialforgoodadvertisement.
A.WhatB.ThatC.AsD.Which
参考答案:1.D2.D3.A4.D5.C
(责任编校彭益)