特发性血小板减少性紫癜患儿病原感染的临床分析

时间:2022-09-19 05:56:14

特发性血小板减少性紫癜患儿病原感染的临床分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-614x.2014.12.44

摘 要 目的:探讨特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患儿与病原感染的关系。方法:回顾性分析89例ITP患儿发病的诱因,应用ELISA法检测巨细胞病毒、EB病毒、幽门螺杆菌(Hp)、支原体,并分析与ITP的关系。结果:89例ITP患儿中,46.1%的患儿发病前1~3周有病毒感染,17.9%的患儿在发病前曾有预防接种史。其中CMV阳性10例(11.24%),EB病毒阳性7例(7.86%),Hp阳性12例(13.48%),MP阳性2例(2.25%),总阳性率30.34%(27/89)。发病时血小板计数及治疗后血小板升至正常的时间在病原阳性组与阴性组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.5)。经过随访,急性转为慢性ITP 4例(4.49%),各病原阳性组总的转慢率7.40%,病原阴性组转慢率3.22%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P

关键词 血小板 紫癜 临床分析

Clinical analysis of pathogen infection in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Wang Xiaoge,Hu Jiting

The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology(Luoyang City,Henan),471000

Abstract Objective:To explore the relationship between pathogen infection and children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP).Methods:Cause of the disease of 89 children with ITP were retrospectively analyzed.Cytomegalovirus,EB virus,helicobacter pylori,mycoplasma were detected using ELISA method.We analyzed the relationship between them and ITP.Results:In the 89 children with ITP,46.1% children were infected by virus in 1 to 3 weeks before the onset of disease,17.9% children had vaccination history before the onset of disease.The CMV was positive in 10 cases(11.24%),EB was positive in 7 cases(7.86%),HP was positive in 12 cases(13.48%),MP was positive in 2 cases(2.25%).The total positive rate was 30.34%(27/89).The platelet count at the time of onset and platelet rose to normal time after treatment between pathogen positive group and negative group were compared.There were no statistical significance(P>0.5).At follow-up,4 patients with acute ITP turned to chronic ITP(4.49%).In the pathogen positive group,the total turn chronic rate was 7.40%.In the pathogen negative group,the total turn chronic rate was 3.22%.There was significant difference between two groups(P

Key words Platelet;Purpura;Clinical analysis

特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)是儿科常见的血液病之一,发病前多有前驱感染史。病因尚未完全阐明,考虑与多种病毒感染有关。近年来研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染可能与ITP患者的发病存在着密切联系[1]。本文对89例ITP患儿进行不同病原感染检测,现报告如下。

资料与方法

2010年1月-2012年1月收治ITP患儿89例,诊断均符合《血液病诊断及疗效标准》的ITP诊断标准[2],其中男53例,女36例,年龄46天~13岁,平均年龄2.3岁,男:女=1.47∶1。起病前1~3周有明显呼吸道感染史41例(46.1%),其中上感38例,支气管炎2例,支气管肺炎1例;其他有腹泻6例,接种疫苗史16例。

病原学检测:89例ITP患儿进行CMV、EB病毒、Hp、MP病原学检测,方法采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测病毒特异性IgM抗体,观察4种病原在ITP患儿中的阳性率。分别查入院时、治疗后1天、3天、5天、7天血常规,观察各病原阳性组与病原阴性组治疗前血小板数、血小板升至正常的时间。随访时间1年。

统计学方法:用SPSS 17.0统计学分析软件进行统计分析和处理,各组之间比较应用t检验;转慢率之间比较应用χ2检验。P

结 果

病原学检测的89例ITP患儿中,CMV阳性组年龄较小,多为婴儿(0.05)。治疗后血小板升至正常的时间在病原阳性组与阴性组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经过随访1年急性转为慢性ITP4例(4.49%)。各病原阳性组总的转慢率7.40%,其中Hp感染转为慢性ITP 1例,Hp合并EB病毒1例,病原阴性组转慢率3.22%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P

讨 论

特发性血小板减少性紫癜是儿童时期最常见的出血性疾病,其病因和发病机制尚不十分明确。近年来有关病毒及疫苗接种引起的ITP等报道日益增多。有报道ITP的发生与十余种病毒有关,如EB病毒、CMV、微小B病毒等[3];Roark等研究发现ITP自身存在抗血小板克隆,而感染病原体后发生交叉抗原反应是激活抗血小板抗体克隆的可能诱因,其中最常见的是病毒感染[4]。本组89例ITP患儿发病前有明显病毒感染史41例(46.1%),主要为上呼吸道感染。预防接种是婴幼儿ITP的另一重要诱发因素。本组疫苗接种史16例(17.9%)。提示病毒感染及疫苗接种与ITP发病密切相关。

本文对89例ITP患儿进行CMV、EBV、Hp、MP病原抗体检测,发现以Hp阳性率最高(13.48%),其次为CMV;各组均给予糖皮质激素治疗。血小板

参考文献

1 Gasbarrini A,Franceschi F,Tartaglion B,et al.Regression of autoimmune thrombocytopenia after eradication of Helicobacter Pylori[J].Lancet,1998,352:878.

2 中华医学会儿科学分会血液学组,中华儿科杂志编辑委员会.特发性血小板减少性紫癜诊疗建议(修订草案)[J].中华儿科杂志,1999,37(1):50.

3 胡亚美,江载芳.诸福棠实用儿科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2002:1800.

4 Roark JH,Bussel JB,Cines DB.Genetic analysis of auto antibodies in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura reveals evidence of clonal expansion and somatic mutation[J].Blood,2002,100(4):1388-1398.

5 Michel M,Coo per N,Jean C,et al.Does Helicobacter pylori initiate or perpetuate immune thrombocytopenic purpura[J].Blood,2004,103(3):890-896.

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