形容词副词讲解画龙点睛 第二轮复习应试高效轻松

形容词和副词是十大词类中的两大实词，一直是历年高考单选和完形填空的热点，对于参加高考的考生至关重要。为此，我根据《新课标》和《高考大纲》的要求，作了较全面的整理和归纳，讲解画龙点睛，让你第二轮复习应试高效轻松。

一、形容词、副词的作用和位置

1.形容词用来修饰名词作定语一般被放在名词前面，或放在连系动词后面作表语；形容词有时可以作状语。如：

Mr. Cheng is a super teacher.

2.副词用来修饰形容词、动词、其它副词或者句子。一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句首。如：

Mary is very beautiful.

Listen to me carefully， please.

3.注意以下几种特殊情况：

（1）形容词短语作定语放在被修饰的词之后。

English is a language difficult to master.英语是一种很难掌握的语言。

（2）afraid， asleep， alone， alike， awake， alive等是表语形容词，一般只能作表语、补语，不能被very 修饰。它们如果作定语，定语后置。

He is very much afraid of dogs.他很害怕狗。

This is a person alive. 这是个活人。

（3）用作定语修饰由one，no， some， any， every等不定代词构成的复合词如something， anything， everything， nothing 等时，通常后置。如：

I have something important to tell you.

（4）else一般放在不定代词和疑问代词等之后。如：

She is taller than anyone else in her class.

What else would you like？

（5）enough 修饰形容词和副词要后置。

He is strong enough to carry the big box.

He ran fast enough to keep up with a bike.

（6）几个副词并列作状语的顺序：方式 + 地点 + 时间

We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.

（7）时间频度的副词often， always， usually等一般在行为动词之前，be动词之后。

Tom is always late for class.

He often comes early in the morning.

（8）副词作定语，定语后置。

The person over there is waiting for you.

（9）多个形容词作定语的顺序：

前位限定词 + 中位限定词 + 后位限定词 +“美小圆旧黄，中国木书房”。

①前位限定词：all，both，half，double，倍数词、分数词等。

②中位限定词：冠词、指示代词、代词所有格、名词所有格以及some，any，no，every，each，either，neither，enough，much，whose等。

③后位限定词：序数词、基数词以及little，few，last，next，other，another，more，less，most，several，least以及plenty of等不定代词。

限定词顺序：如：all（前）these（中）last（后）few（后）days，所有这最后几天。

注意：“美小圆旧黄，中国木书房”中的字各代表什么？

“美”代表“描述或性质类”形容词；“小”代表“大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类” 形容词；“圆”代表“形状类” 形容词；“旧”代表“新旧、年龄类” 形容词；“黄”代表“颜色类” 形容词；“中国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类” 形容词；“木”代表“物质、材料、质地类” 形容词；“书”代表“用途、类别、功能、作用类” 形容词；“房”代表“中心名词”。例如：

the man’s first two interesting small red French oil paintings 那人的头两张有意思的法国红色小油画

two beautiful new green silk evening dresses 两件又新又漂亮的丝绸女士晚礼服；

that hungry tired sleepy little match girl 那个饥饿、疲劳、困倦的卖火柴的小女孩

注意：

①前位限定词不能两个或两个以上修饰同一个名词。

②中位限定词不能两个或两个以上修饰同一个名词。

③表示同类意义的不同位的限定词不能同时修饰同一个名词。如不说some much water

④后位限定词可以同时出现，但位置比较固定。如：

the first two chapters；

the next few weeks；

another twenty tons；

three other girls.

【高考链接】Seeing hat， the old man thought of hard time in the World War II.

A. the old round yellow small B. the small round old brown

C. a round brown small old D. the brown old small round

答案B。

（10）以ly结尾的词并非都是副词。

下面以ly结尾的lively， lonely， lovely， deadly， deadly， likely， brotherly， timely， ugly 等是形容词。

二、形容词和副词的比较等级

（1）原级的用法 形容词、副词原级就是它们本身。

用法：

肯定句：“as + 原级 + as”的结构

否定句：“not so/as + 原级 + as”的结构 （so……as 只用在否定句）

“倍数+“as + 原级 + as”的结构

John is as tall as Tom.

The stone weighs as much as 15 tons.

Tom didn’t run as/so fast as Jack.

This room is three times as large as that one.

（2） 比较级和最高级的构成

①规则的比较级和最高级

②不规则的比较级和最高级

形容词副词比较级，不规则的要牢记。

合二为一有三对， 坏 病 、两多 、两个好 ，

一分为二有两个， 一个“远” 来，一个“老” ，

还有一词 有双意， 只记“少”来，不记“小”。

即：bad/badly/ill–worse -worst； many/much–more-most；good/well–better–best；far-farther/further-farthest/furthest；old-older/elder-oldest/eldest； little作“小”解，没有比较级/最高级形式。

注意：

farther和further都是far的比较级形式，可以作形容词和副词。表示距离时二者可以通用。 表示“增加”、 “更进一步”、 “额外的”意思时， 只用further。

No further explanation is needed.

elder 是定语形容词，不能用作表语。表示两者中年纪较大者用比较级older。“哥哥”、“姐姐”常用“elder brother”， “elder sister” ， 而不用older。older和oldest可修饰人或物，而elder和eldest只可修饰人， 而且通常修饰亲属。

比较级的用法

①“比较级 + than” 的结构表示

The picture is more beautiful than that one.

②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than” 的结构表示。

The room is less beautiful than that one.

③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加程度的状语，如：any， much， even， still， far， rather， a little， a lot， a great deal， by far等。

He works even harder than before.

注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较及时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。

He is taller by far than his brother.

He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）， the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构。意思是“越……越……”。

The harder he works， the happier he feels.

⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。

The weather is getting colder and colder.

⑥在比较时为了避免重复，我们通常用that/those，one/ones 代替前面出现的名词。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，those代替复数名词；one/ones既可以指人，又可以指物，只代替可数名词。

The book on the desk is more interesting than that on the table.

The ears of a hare are longer than those of a cat.

⑦倍数表达法

用times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数，表示两倍可以用twice（adv.）或double（adj.）。用times表示“甲是乙的几倍大（高、长、宽等）”、“甲比乙大（高、长、宽等）几倍”，可以用下列句型：

A is three（four，etc）times the size（height，length，width，etc. ） of B.

The new building is four times the size （the height） of the old one. 这座新楼是那旧楼的四倍大（四倍高）（这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍〔高三倍〕）。

The size（the height）of the new building is four times that of the old one.这座新楼的大小（高度）是那座旧楼的四倍。

（由于句首已用了the size ，the height，所以，在four times后面用代词that来代替，以避免重复）。

A is three（four，etc） times as big （high，long，wide，etc）as B.

Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大（亚洲比欧洲大三倍）。

This box is three times as heavy as that one.这个箱子是那个箱子的三倍重（这个箱子比那个箱重两倍）。

A is three（four，etc）times bigger（higher，longer，wider，etc）than B.

The street is three times longer than that one。这条街比那条街长三倍（这条街是那条街的四倍长）。

The meeting room is three times bigger than our office. 会议室比我们的办公室大三倍。（会议室是我们的办公室的四倍大）。

（3）最高级的用法

表示三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般都有表示比较的范围的介词短语。

He is the tallest of the three.

He is the tallest in the class.

最高级可以被序数词以及much ，by far， nearly， almost， by no means， not quite， not really， nothing like 等词语修饰。

The hat is by far the biggest.

This is the second longest river in China.

（4）形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。

①形容词最高级前一般加定冠词the，副词最高级前可以不加定冠词the。

②形容词最高级前加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表示比较，表示“非常”。比较：

This is the most interesting book of the three.这是三本书中最有趣的书。

This is a most interesting book.这是一本很有趣的书。

This book is most interesting. 这本书很有趣。

③表示两者间“较……的一个”

Who is the older of the two boys？

④在same前一般要加the。 This is the same book as I lost.

⑤有些形容前the 成为名词。如the poor， the rich 等。

（5）not + 比较级……表达最高级的含义，常翻译成“再……不过了”。

Tom is good，kind， hard-working and intelligent， I can hardly find a better student in our class.汤姆品德高尚善良勤奋聪明，我在我们班里几乎不能找到比他再好的学生了。

How beautifully she sings！ I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得真好！我从来没有听过更美的声音。

【高考链接】—Do you think the weather is good enough for a outing？

—Yes， you couldn’t hope for at the time of the year.

A. the nice day B. a nicer day C. the nicest day D. a nice day

答案B。

（6）every 表示“每隔……的”的用法

每隔两三年他们就继续迁移到新的地方。

误：They move on to a new place each two or three years.

正：They move on to a new place every two or three years.

【简析】表示“每隔……的”，“每……中的”英语常用 every + 数词，或 few， other +名词，而不用each。every two[three，four ……]days[weeks，months]=every second[third，fourth…]day[week，month]每隔一[二、三……]天[周、月]

三、形容词副词专项练习

单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1.A typhoon swept across the area with heavy rains and winds strong as 113 miles per hour.

A.too B.very C.so D.as

2.Some experts think that language learning is much for children as their tongues are more flexible.

A.easy B.easier C.easily D.more easily

3.—What a nice fire you have in your fireplace！

—During the winter I like my house .

A.warmly and comfortably B.warm and comfortable

C. warm and comfortably D.warmly and comfortable

4.We have only a sofa， a table and a bed in our new apartment.We need to buy morefurniture.

A.any B. many C.1ittle D.some

5.I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is than John.

A. more efficiently a worker B.a more efficient worker

C.more an efficient worker D.a worker more efficiently

6.We were in when we felt that we forgot the airline tickets.

A. a rush so anxious B.a such anxious rush

C.so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush

7.It is believed that if a book is it will surely the reader.

A.interested；interest B.interesting；he interested

C.interested；be interesting D. interesting；interest

8.After supper she would sit down by the fire，sometimes for an hour，thinking of her young and happy days.

A.as long as B.as soon as C.as much as D.as many as

9.As I know，there is car in this neighborhood.

A.no such B.no a C.not such D. no such a

10.In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go， .

A.our holiday will be better B.our holiday will be the better

C.the better our holiday will be D.the better will our holiday be

11.Greenland， island in the world，covers over two million square kilometers.

A. it is the largest B.that is the largest

C. is the largest D.the largest

12.We advertised for pupils last autumn，and got 60.

A.more than B.more of C.as much as D.so many as

13.It is work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.

A.so unusual B.such unusual

C.such an unusual D.so an unusual

14.—Are you satisfied with her answer？ —Not at a11.It couldn’t have been .

A.worse B.so bad C.better D.the worst

15.If the manager had to choose between the two，he would say John was choice.

A. good B.the best C.better D.the better

16.Of the two shirts， I’d like to choose one.

A.the less expensive B.the most expensive

C.1ess expensive D.most expensive

17.It’s believed that you work， result you’ll get.

A.the harder； the better B.the more hard； the more better

C.the harder； a better D.more hard； more better

18.I need cloth， for I'm going to make clothes.

A. a lot of；many B.much；much C.many；many D. many；a lot of

19. box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.

A.So a heavy B.So heavy a C. A such heavy D. Such heavy a

20.The salesman showed her several bags and she chose one as she didn’t

want to spend too much money on it.

A.the less expensive B.1ess expensive

C.the least expensive D.1east expensive

21.—How was Tom driving when the policeman stopped him？

—Eighty miles an hour.

A. rapid B. long C. far D. fast

22.If you had followed the plan，you could have done the job better with

money and people.

A.1ess；fewer B.fewer；less C. less；few D.few；less

23.This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses water

and electricity than models.

A.1ess；older B.1ess；elder C.fewer；older D.fewer；elder

24.Of the two sisters， Betty is one， and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.

A.a younger B.a youngest

C.the younger D.the youngest

25.I don’t think this film is by far the most boring.I have seen .

A. better B.worse C.the best D.the worst

26.I used to earn than a pound a week when I first started work.

A.a little B.a few C.fewer D.1ess

27.—Did you enjoy yourself at the party？ —Yes，I've never been to one before.

A.a more excited B.the most excited

C. a more exciting D.the most exciting

28.Your story is perfect； I’ve never heard before.

A. the better one B. the best one

C. a better one D. a good one

29.This girl is Linda’s cousin.

A.pretty little Spanish B.Spanish little pretty

C.Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish

30.David has won the first prize in singing； he is still very excited now and feels desire to go to bed.

A.the most B.more C.worse D.the least

31.Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds and I have not seen this year.

A.the best B.better C.the most D.more

32. —Why didn’t you buy the camera you had longed for？

—I had planned to， but I was ￡50 .

A.fewer B. less C.cheap D.short

33. What a table！ I’ve never seen such a thing before.It is it is long.

A.half not as wide as B.wide not as half as

C.not half as wide as D.as wide as not half

34.Mr Smith owns collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met.

A.1arger B.a larger C.the larger D.a large

35.John is the tallest boy in the class， according to himself.

A.five foot eight as tall as B.as tall as five foot eight

C.as five foot eight tall as D.as tall five foot eight as

答案：1-5DBBDB 6-10DDAAC 11-15DACAD 16-20AAABC 21-25DAACB 26-30DCCDD 31-35 BDCBB