巧用时态标志 准确把握时态

时间:2022-09-05 05:15:19

任何一种时态都有潜在的标志,巧用这些标志可以妙解时态试题。 我们看下面几道高考题。

1.(2012全国Ⅱ,18)The manager______the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.

A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. Will have told

由since + 过去某一时间点 可判断设空处应该用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,故排除B,D两项。又根据语境可知设空处强调动作现在还在进行,所以选C项。

2.(2012天津,12)The three of us ______around Europe for about a month last summer.

A. travelled B. have travelled C.had travelled D.travel

根据时间状语last summer 可知用一般过去时,所以选A项。

3.(2012辽宁,31)I feel so excited ! At this time tomorrow morning I______to Shanghai.

A. will be flying B. will fly C. have been flying D. have flown

根据时间状语at this time tomorrow morning 可知第二句表示明天早晨的这一时间点正在发生的事情,用将来进行时,所以选A项。

4.(2011湖南)It is the most instructive lecture that I ______since I came to this school.

A.attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended

在“It is +序述词或形容词、副词的最高级+ that从句”结构中,如果主句用is, that从句用现在完成时;如果主句用 was , that从句用过去完成时。所以选D项。

在学习时态时,我们应注意如下句子的时间状语标志词,常用句式及语言环境来选用不同的时态。

一、巧用不同时态的时间状语标志词

1.一般现在时

(1) always, usually, often, sometimes (2) every day, every morning, every Saturday, every time (3) in the morning, on Saturdays (4) once a week, three times a day, twice a year (5) every few days/months/years

2.一般过去时

(1) yesterday, the day before yesterday, yesterday morning (evening, afternoon) (2) last time, last Friday, last term, last month (3) 一段时间+ago, before引导的时间状语 (4) just now = a moment ago (5) in 1989 (6) at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time (7) in the past

3.现在进行时

(1) now, nowadays (2) these days / at present (3) Look, Listen.

4.过去进行时

(1) at that time,at that moment,this time yesterday evening,just now

(2) 以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语

5.将来进行时

at this time tomorrow morning , this time next week

6.一般将来时

(1) tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, tomorrow morning (evening, afternoon) (2) next time, next Friday, next term, next month(3) in +一段时间,in + 一段时间 ' s + time (4) soon = right away = at once (5) by the end of + 将来时间

7.过去将来时

(1) the next time/ Friday/ term/ month (2) the following month (week…)

8.现在完成时

(1) already, yet, ever, never, just, before (2) for + 一段时间, since + 过去某一点时间 ; since +从句 (一般过去式); since + 一段时间 + ago,in / during /over the past / last + 一段时间 (3)recently ,lately (4)so far

9.过去完成时

(1) by, by the time (of), by the end of + 过去时间 (2) when. before. After…….+过去时间 (3) up till then (直到那时); up until last night(直到昨晚)等。 (4) already, just, ever, yet 等。

10. 现在完成进行时

(1) all morning/day/week (2) for + 一段时间, since + 过去某一点时间 ; since +从句 (一般过去式); in / during/over the past / last + 一段时间 (3) recently ,lately

二、巧用常用句式中的时态标志

1. It is/has been + 一段时间 + since从句

在此句式中since从句 用一般过去时,如果主句中的is改为was,则 since 从句用过去完成时。

例:It is five years since I came to Xi'an.

2. It is the first/second ...time + that从句 意为“这是某人第…次做某事”

如果主句用is, that从句用现在完成时;如果主句用 was , that从句用过去完成时。

例:It is the first time that I have made such a mistake.

3. It will be + 一段时间 + before从句

在此句式中 before从句 用一般现在时

4. It won't be long before +从句 意为“不久/很久就要…….”

在此句式中 before从句 用一般现在时

It was (not) long before+从句 意为“不久/很久才……..”

在此句式中 before从句 用一般过去时

5. It is ( high/ about) time that sb. did 或 It is ( high/ about) time that sb. should do sth.

例:It is high time that we went off.

6. hardly / scarcely...when...和 no sooner...than... 意为 “一…就…”

此句式中主句常用过去完成时,when和than引导的从句常用一般过去时

例: Hardly had he gone out when it began to snow.

No sooner had we left than they began to quarrel again.

三、注意几组易混淆时态之间的区别

1. 现在完成时和一般过去时

(1) 从时间状语上来看,现在完成时和一般过去时有不同的时间状语标志词(如上所述)。

例: I saw her a minute ago.

So far we have only discussed the first five chapters.

(2) 从意义上来看,现在完成时和现在有密切的联系,不是从时间上就是从后果上和现在联系起来。现在完成时强调对现状有影响的某一已发生的动作,不强调它是什么时间发生的。

例: The delegation has already left. 代表团已经走了。(说明现在不在这里了。)

而一般过去时单纯谈一个过去的动作,不涉及它对现在的影响。

试比较:He worked on a farm for ten years, but now he is a manager of a large company.

他过去在农场工作过十年,但现在他是一个大公司的经理。

He is an experienced farmer now;he has worked on a farm for ten years.

他现在是一个有经验的农场主,他毕竟在农场工作了十年。

2. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时

(1) 现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作,而现在完成进行时一般则表示一个从过去开始一直持续到现在且将继续进行的动作。

例: I've been writing an article. (还在写)

I've written an article. ( 已完成 )

(2) 现在完成时通常只陈述事实,而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感彩。

例: I have waited for two hours. (陈述事实)

I have been waiting for two hours. (等得好辛苦)

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