时间：2022-09-04 10:33:37
It has been two months since the explosion in Binhai District of Tianjin on August 12. Overwhelming reports from different media have calmed down， and the clean-up work in the core area of the disaster has been finished， with large tracts of land exposed. It is reported that the core area of the explosion will be used to build a park in two months. These 24 hectares of land will be used to build a harbor ecological park to restore the damaged environment. However， to those who experienced this blast， the huge sound is still clear and the pain is not vague off. Besides， traffic disruption， mistrust to environment and doubt caused by the explosion put the hazardous chemicals industry on the table of public judgment. The current situation and abuses in administration hiding in the industry will be discovered.
Hot hazardous chemicals industry
Hazardous chemical industry has grew rapidly in recent years. Data released by National Bureau of Statistics shows that sulfuric acid， caustic soda， soda ash and synthetic ammonia produced in 2014 in China are respectively 88.46 million tons， 30.59 million tons， 25.14 million tons， and 57.45 million tons （2013）. These four chemical products are included in the hazardous chemicals of conventional industry. The amount of hazardous chemicals by road transportation each year is more than 300 million tons， accounting for over 30% of the total freight， and the rate is increasing each year. With rapid development these years， the production of major hazardous chemicals of China all rank the first place. Hazardous chemicals included in "Hazardous Chemicals Directory （2015）" has 2828 in number， which are all essential raw materials in petrochemical industry， pharmaceutical industry and cosmetic industry.
According to the statistics from chemicals industry association， China is second only to America in terms of hazardous chemicals production and application. With the attraction of over 40% of profit， various domestic districts try to introduce hazardous chemicals industry. Till now， more than 200 national and provincial large-scale industrial parks have been built， and more than 300， 000 hazardous chemicals companies have been founded. The annual output of hazardous chemicals each year will be over 1.8 billion tons.
Only sodium cyanide’s annual output can reach 300， 000 tons， and 250， 000 tons is used in the country， most of which serve as "gold washing liquid" to extract gold. As an important chemical raw material， sodium cyanide is widely used in the fields of chemical synthesis， electroplating， metallurgy， organic synthesis of pharmaceuticals， pesticides， and metal processing. Its most "attractiveness" is in the ability of extracting gold. China Association of Renewable Resource and Recycling Deputy Secretary-General Tang Aijun said to NetEase that using sodium cyanide to extract golf from e-waste has become an important industry. He further added that regular enterprises have stopped using sodium cyanide to extract gold， while its usage in irregular enterprises is prevalent. Although gold extraction needs a huge amount of sodium cyanide， different from foreign countries’ harsh regulatory which will lead to high cost， extensive usage for being lack of regulatory in China still can make relevant industries get generous benefits. China Gold News reported that， a large-scale gold producer in Inner Mongolia in 2014 needed to use more than 2000 tons of sodium cyanide each month to extract only 5.1 tons of gold.
Frequent accidents
Unlike ordinary explosion and fire， hazardous chemicals explosion’s damage is much more severe and is probable to lead to chain explosion and spread of poisonous gas and liquid. It can not only result in a great deal of dead and property losses， but also bring lots of inconvenience to the public’s life and work. For these reasons， governments and the public are both pay significant attention to it. Even so， hazardous chemicals industry safety major accidents are in increasing in trends， especially various kinds of explosion.
According to the accident information released by China Chemicals Safety Association， there were 569 accidents， cumulatively resulting to 638 dead， 2283 injured. Among them， accidents in producing was 240 causing 303 dead， accidents in transporting was 193 causing 235 dead， and accidents in storage was 53 causing 19 dead. Accidents in these three fields accounts for 85.4% of the total.
April 6， 2015， Fujian PX project chemical plant’s equipment spilled and fire， causing heavy oil tank explosion. April 16， 2014， Jiangsu Shuangma chemical plant exploded， resulting in a nine-story building collapsing to three-story， and 8 dead， 9 injured. December 31， 2014， Guangdong Fuhua Engineering Manufacturing Co. Ltd occurred a gas explosion， resulting in 18 dead， more than 30 injured. August 2， 2014， Zhongrong Metal Products Co. in Kushan， Jiangsu had a serious dust explosion， causing 146 dead， 114 injured. February 28， 2012， Krr in Hebei Province had a chain explosion， causing a total of 25 dead， 4 missing， 46 injured. July 28， 2010， Nanjing the Fourth Plastic Plant had a spill explosion accident， causing a total of 22 dead， 120 hospitalized （14 of them seriously injured）， direct economic loss 47.84 million RMB.
Danger in the industry
"8・12" explosion in Tianjin reflects worries hidden in the rapid development of chemicals industry. The Paper News’ investigation discovered that problems in hazardous chemicals industry has been long-standing， not just in Tianjin. Storage， transportation， industrial distribution and many other aspects are all treacherous. Liu Yuhang， Secretary-General of Hazardous Chemicals Logistics Branch of China Logistics and Purchasing Federation said security situation of hazardous chemicals transportation was deteriorating， and lots of problems were urgent to be solved. To this end， China Logistics and Purchasing Federation Hazardous Chemicals Logistics Branch collected suggestions on hazardous chemicals logistics policy through questionnaires， field visits， etc.， and organized into "Report on Hazardous Chemicals Logistics Policy".
The report shows that hazardous chemicals logistics in China has following problems： In terms of policies and regulations， they are shared by different departments， resulting in insufficient collaboration between logistics and security departments. For example， logistics administration is dispersed to different departments， and part of the standards contrast with each other. Besides， some policies and regulations lag and cannot pace up with market requirement. Laws and regulations on logistics of hazardous chemicals are lack of uniform explanation， and even some law enforcement officers apply outdated laws and regulations. In addition， some provinces and cities refuse to release or display publicly their local regulations， leading to non-local vehicles passing through these places unable to carry out normal business.
In terms of the design of transport equipment， many tank trucks can be tracked back to their manufacturers but not to their designers. At present there are no normative and instructive test specifications to tankers. Test methods and strength need to be improved.
In terms of vehicle attachment and off-site registration， most of the off-site attached vehicles do business in remote places. Companies cannot manage these vehicles， let alone vehicle safety regulation.
In terms of insurance mechanism， although dangerous cargo is provided various insurances， hazardous chemicals enterprises do not set up insurance mechanism， making it the weak point of the industry.
Hazardous chemicals logistics itself contains lots of problems. For instance， maldistribution of production enterprises and decentralized demand lead to high difficulty level of logistics and more illegal operation. Logistics enterprises’ strength is weak and lack of enough special vehicles and various kinds of services. Vicious competition exists among these enterprises， and professional workers are not sufficient. Managing systems are also imperfect.
"Hazardous chemicals logistics industry cannot meet its safety requirements. Especially in the aspects of storage， most enterprises’ operation process is almost as same as that of ordinary goods. Different hazardous chemicals require different storage conditions， and many of them cannot be placed adjacent to each other. But these requirements cannot be rigorously followed in storage and transportation. Just because of the sluggish requirements， enterprises like Ruihai International Company can grow up in several years." Liu Yuhang said in an interview by Paper News.
Weak Administration
How many hazardous chemicals enterprises are in China？ NetEase Finance learned from hazardous chemicals registration center of the State Administration of Work Safety （SAWS） that registered enterprises of hazardous chemicals’ production， usage and storage is more than 25，000， messages on safety， sanitation and emergency response has been more than 80，000. But SAWS has to admit that the statistics is not comprehensive. Chemical Registration Head Zhai Liangyun of SAWS said in the forum on 2014 National Hazardous Chemicals Registration "Part of newly established enterprises do not register in time， and part of closed enterprises and combined ones do not verify and cancel the information. And some of the registered chemicals’ names are inconsistent with the ones in operation." Besides， in the regulation of hazardous chemicals import， safe administration departments do not know clearly the real situation， leading to the lack of effective administration methods and supporting regulations.
In the aspect of environment department， the Ministry of Environmental Protection released "Dangerous Chemicals Environmental Administration Measures （Trial）" in October 2012 to try to make a record of the information of dangerous chemicals’ variety， the amount of production， sales directions and sources of supple. But it is reported that until now the Ministry of Environmental Protection has not received any feedback information from provincial environmental protection departments. An expert refused to be named told NetEase that whether it is work safety departments of environmental protection departments， they cannot provide appropriate administration. Only the particularly serious accidents can force relevant department to reform administration.