小议so和such的异同

【摘要】 本文通过分析一道高考题，归纳so和such的细微的区别。

【关键词】 不定冠词 形容词 副词 名词

一、引入问题

2010年重庆高考英语试题：

Everything comes with __ price, there is no such __ thing as a free lunch in the world.

A. a；a B. the；/ C. the；a D. a；/

许多学生想不清楚为什么正确答案是D呢？他们认为应当选择A，关键是他们认为thing是可数名词，应当在thing前加不定冠词a，表示泛指。

薄冰主编《高级英语语法》181页 There's no such thing as ghosts。such是指示代词，所以no such之后不可用不定冠词a。但可说you gave me such a fright！

章振邦主编《新编英语语法》112页 such可以与前位限定词all，后位限定词other, anther, many, few, several搭配，位于其后。eg： All such offenders will be duly punished. I hope never to meet with another such accident。106页 some，any，no可以与基数词，序数词，other，more，such等后位限定词搭配。eg.①Will you send a couple of students in your class to help pack the goods？Any two students will do.② No two persons have exactly the same fingerprints.③ Some such alloy may be used to replace copper.

二、so和such的异同

so和such这两个词可以译作"如此"。so用来修饰形容词和副词；such用来修饰名词。例如：①（必修1，32页）They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun，and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.②（2009，上海）The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.③（2009.重庆）Peter was so excited when he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.

上述例句所说的是so和such大致上的区别，细微的区别请看下面句型：

1、so + 形容词 + a/an + 名词= such + a/an + 形容词 + 名词

eg： He told us such a funny story that we all laughed.

①

The story he told us was so funny that we all laughed.

It was such a clear statement that it couldn't be misunderstood.

②

The statement was so clearly made that it couldn't be misunderstood.

2、such + 形容词 + 单数名词/不可数名词/复数名词

eg：①（必修2，16页）It was such loud music that we couldn't hear ourselves speak.

②It was very kind of her to meet us at the airport, especially on such short notice.

③ He told us such funny stories that we all laughed.

2、形容词（many，few，several）或代词（all，some，any）或基数词（one，two，three，…）+ such + 形容词 + 名词

eg：① There are many /（a）few /such good-natured men.

② All / Most / Some / Such books are interesting.

③ He is going to Pairs or some such place.

④ We have had several such Chinese paintings.

⑤ I need two such cards.

3、so + many / much / little / few + 名词

eg：①（必修1，12页）He's got so much energy, this is one class you do not fall asleep in.

② The country has so little coal as to make it necessary to import large quantities.

③ The country has so many natural recourses that it can support itself easily.

④ There are so few moving parts that maintenance is reduced to a minimum.

4、so many such + 形容词 + 复数名词

eg：He told us so many such funny stories.

5、no such + 名词

eg：① -Did you tell him the secret？

-No such thing.

② No such recommendation has so far been made by the technicians.

结论 通过以上句型归纳我们可以看出，so和such各有自己的特点。因此，我们在教学中，一定要给学生讲清楚，使学生真正理解so和such的异同，并且能正确运用。

参考文献

［1］ 薄冰 《高级英语语法》 高等教育出版社

［2］ 章振邦《新编英语语法》 上海译文出版社

［3］ 陈琳 《普通高中课程标准实验教学用书》必修（1-2）

［4］ 历届高考英语真题