把握主旨 利用语境 合理想象

时间:2022-08-22 11:09:09

议论文类完形填空是难度较高的完形填空形式,旨在通过剖析事例,论述事理、提出见解或主张,从而告诉读者某种道理或给人某种启迪,或给人以乐趣。虽然近几年高考纯议论类文章较少,但是今后议论文类的完形填空题有可能会增多。分析近年新课标地区完形填空题的特点,我们可以概括出议论文类完形填空具有以下特点:

1. 文章篇幅一般较长,容量大、思维跳跃性较强,作者往往通过分析某一具体事例来阐述自己的一个论点。

2. 议论文的三个要素:论点、论据和论证。实际上,一篇文章就是作者提出问题、分析问题和解决问题的过程,一篇议论文体的文章往往都具备这样的属性。

不同的议论文可能采用不同的论点引入方式,因此在把握文章论点时应根据其不同引入方式,采用相应的解题方法。常见的有下列几种情况:

(1)开门见山式。有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出文章的论点,然后再通过具体的事例来对论点进行论证和说明,而在文章最后总结概括全文,这是最常见的一种。

(2)导入式。有些议论文作者先叙述生活中的某一事例或某种生活现象,然后基于这些事例或生活现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点,然后再用具体的论据去说明论点。

(3)画龙点睛式。有些议论文,作者一开始并不急于点明自己的论点,而是先描述生活中的某一个事例或现象,然后通过对具体案例的分析,自然得出结论,从而将文章升华。

掌握议论文的特点,把握好作者在文章中所阐述的观点并结合自己的常识去推理和合理想象是做好这类完形填空题的关键。

解题时应注意以下几点:

1. 利用首句和首段信息把握全文的主旨大意。由于议论文的首句和首段往往揭示文章的主旨大意,使得文章“开门见山”。通过对主旨句的领悟,把握文章的主题和导向性,利于整体把握文章。

2. 明确上下文关系,充分利用语境信息解题。所谓语境,就是上下文,包括文章中语气的一致性,意思的连贯性、一致性,表达的合理性,论证的逻辑性等。通过文章所提供的具体的语境综合分析,确定最佳答案。

3. 充分利用关联词,关注文章的语篇结构及语言感影。议论文中常含有许多关联词,它们往往代表了句与句之间、段与段之间的层次和内在关系,用于增强语篇的逻辑关系。同时文章的作者在写作时往往赋予了文章自己的感彩,语气和感彩的和谐会贯穿于全文。

【典题例析】2012年江苏卷(保留原题号)

The concept of solitude(独处) in the digital world is almost non?existent. In the world of digital technology, e?mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be 36 . Solitude can be hard to discover 37 it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have 38 our culture.

The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n) 39 as we’ve known it. People have become so 40 in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted 41 they’d rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e?mail, chat and blog(写博客), not only from our 42 , but from our mobile phones as well.

Most developed nations have become 43 on digital technology simply because they’ve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not 44 it would make them an outsider. 45 , many jobs and careers require people to be 46 . From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a 47 to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.

I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who 48 wants it. Computers can be shut 49 and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many 50 , as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up 51 on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel 52 and forced to answer unwanted calls or 53 to unwanted texts.

Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society 54 across generations. Some find today’s technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyone’s view on the subject, it’s hard to imagine what life would be like 55 daily advancements in technology.

36. A. updated B. received C. shared D. collected

37. A. though B. until C. once D. before

38. A. respected B. shaped C. ignored D. preserved

39. A. edge B. stage C. end D. balance

40. A. sensitive B. intelligent C. considerate D. reachable

41. A. even if B. only if C. as if D. if only

42. A. media B. computers C. databases D. monitors

43. A. bent B. hard C. keen D. dependent

44. A. finding B. using C. protecting D. changing

45. A. Also B. Instead C. Otherwise D. Somehow

46. A. connected B. trained C. recommended D. interested

47. A. pleasure B. benefit C. burden D. disappointment

48. A. slightly B. hardly C. merely D. really

49. A. out B. down C. up D. in

50. A. aspects B. weaknesses C. advantages D. exceptions

51. A. hidden B. lost C. relaxed D. deserted

52. A. trapped B. excited C. confused D. amused

53. A. turn B. submit C. object D. reply

54. A. vary B. arise C. spread D. exist

55. A. beyond B. within C. despite D. without

答案与解析

36~40 CCBCD 41~45 ABDBA 46~50 ACDBC 51~55 BADAD

本篇属于议论文。在现代社会中,由于数码技术的发展,我们独处的概念几乎不复存在。尽管人们对现代技术的发展持有不同的看法,在当今社会,如果没有科技日新月异的发展,一切都难以想象。

36. C。根据第一句话“The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non?existent.” 可知在数码时代里,独处的概念几乎是不存在的,所以此处表示信息是被共享的。

37. C。根据上下文语境可知:在信息世界里,独处几乎不存在,一旦被放弃,就很难再有了。once意为“一旦”,符合语境。though意为“尽管”;until意为“直到”;before意为“在……之前”,都不符合题意。

38. B。根据上下文,句意:在这方面,新技术塑造着我们的文化。respect意为“尊重”;shape意为“塑造,使成形”;ignore意为“忽视”;preserve意为“保护”。根据语境可知,应选B项。

40. D。根据后半句“and connections that one can often be contacted 41 they’d rather not be.”可知在网络连接世界中,联系一个人已经变得如此方便。reachable意为“可达到的,可获得的”,符合语境。

41. A。根据上下文,可推知,在网络世界中,人们已经变得如此容易被联系到,以致即使你不愿意被联系,也可能经常被联系。根据语境可知,应选A项。even if意为“即使”;only if意为“只要”;as if意为“似乎”;if only意为“要是……该多好”。

43. D。根据后半句“they’ve grown accustomed to it”可知,许多发达国家已经依赖于数码技术。dependent (on) 意为“依靠的”,符合语境。bent (on)意为“决心的”;hard (on)意为“严厉的”;keen (on)意为“爱好,喜欢”。

44. B。根据前半句“Most developed nations have become 43 on digital technology simply because they’ve grown accustomed to it”可知,此处意为:不使用它会让他们成为局外人。

47. C。根据后半句“may not want to be able to be contacted at all times”可知经常被联系是一种负担。pleasure意为“愉悦”;benefit意为“利益”;disappointment意为“失望”,均与语境不符。故选C项。

49. B。根据后半句中的“turn off”可知,此处应为意义一致的短语,shut down意为“关闭”,符合语境。shut out意为“关在外面,遮住”;shut up意为“住口”;shut in意为“关进”。

51. B。根据后半句“mobile phones have saved countless lives”,可知此处指旅游者在山上迷路了。故选B项。

52. A。根据本句中的force和unwanted可知,手机还使人们人感到困窘(trapped),因为被迫回答不必要的电话或者回复不必要的短信。excited意为“兴奋的”;confused意为“混乱的,困惑的,糊涂的”;amused意为“愉快的”。

53. D。根据上一题的解析可知,此处为回复短信。turn to意为“转向;求助于”,submit to意为“提交;服从”;object to意为“反对”,均与语境不符。

54. A。根据下文,说到人们对现在的技术的态度可知,态度在不同时代有所变化。vary意为“变化,改变”,符合语境。arise意为“出现”;spread意为“传播”;exist意为“存在”。

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