时间：2022-08-05 01:39:45
Abstract. According to the guideline and target requirements of green ship engineering and the needs on the prevention and countermeasures of all kinds of natural disasters in ocean ships, a design scheme of the comprehensive information platform for the prevention of natural disasters based on ocean ships is proposed by the author in this paper. In this design scheme, the seamless time-space integration of heterogeneous information resources in different application systems is realized through using modern technologies such as computer technology, wireless communication technology, natural disasters forecast (alerting) technology, digital information integration processing technology, geographic information system (GIS), and global positioning system (GPS), and also higher-level information services are provided for the commanders (decision makers) of ocean ships in an integrated and unified way, thus promoting the self-security ability, distress searching and rescue aid decision-making ability, and the sea (especially ocean) transport and production operation abilities of ocean ships to be effectively increased. Besides, the re-optimization idea and improvement technology for the design scheme in the future allowable conditions, the unique information transmission technology (satellite communication technology) of the prevention of natural disasters in ocean ship, and the good development prospects of green ships are generally introduced and forecasted in this paper.
Key words: Design and Manufacture of Ships and Ocean Structures; Prevention of Natural Disasters; Comprehensive Information Platform; Design Research
1. Introduction
Ocean area accounts for more than 70% of the earth where human beings live. Ocean ships are necessary tools for human to know, utilize and develop ocean, and to attain an economic development. Green ship refers to realizing the functional target of low consumption, low emission, low pollution, high energy efficiency, and safety and health to the maximum through applying green technologies in the whole life cycle from design, construction and operation to disassembly [1]. Security should be primarily considered in all ships, and also the core among all green elements of green ships. Natural disaster is one of the biggest security problems of ocean ships; natural disaster prevention information system engineering is a major issue necessary to be earnestly solved in the overall design, manufacturing scheme and operation process of ocean ships. In 2008, the progresses of ship's green revolution was greatly restricted by the outbreak of the global financial crisis, and also economic recession forced people to give top priority to the acquisition of limited interests. Therefore, in the recent four years, the focus of green ships was always confined to the environmental protection concept proposed initially, but other more green elements such as ship natural disaster prevention engineering were "temporarily delayed" in the selection of enterprises investment directions without responsibility, thus making the prevention mechanism for the natural disasters in ocean ships only kept at the traditional level.
2.Natural Disaster Monitoring and Prediction Information Is Acquired by Ocean Ships with the Traditional Way
In the midway of sailing or the underwater operations, it is possible for ocean ships to be attacked by all kinds of natural disasters including geological disasters, terrain disasters, astronomical disasters, and meteorological disasters at any time. In history, there was numerous sea perils related to natural disasters, which had left people bitter memories and even had created incurable wounds. In China, the release of the above-mentioned ocean disasters monitoring and forecast (alerting) information is managed by multiple departments such as ocean department, meteorology department, earthquake department, and astronomy department respectively; the majorities of ocean ships source from all industries such as transportation, marine fishery, ocean oil, ocean development, scientific research and military, and sometimes are related to local governmental cross-management (i.e. established conventional relationship). This decides the information channels of ocean ships to be scattered if necessary to acquire the above-mentioned natural disaster monitoring and forecast (alerting) information (see figure 1).
Therefore, a thinking paradigm of traditional habits is gradually produced in the minds of ocean ship producers and users, making them tired of changing this situation. As a result, ocean ships natural disasters prevention information engineering construction is far behind the actual level of Chinese shipbuilding engineering technology.
3. Acquiring Natural Disaster Monitoring and Prediction Information through Comprehensive Information Platform based on Ocean Ships
Ocean ships and especially ocean transportation, fishing, operation and on-duty ships, which are faced with great risks of low security coefficients after leaving away from the motherland, land, organization and family members, are very special organizations. Except a small number of marine, meteorology, national defense and scientific expedition ships are equipped with special monitoring/receiving equipments or forecast personnel, the ocean natural disaster monitoring and forecast (alerting) information in the vast majority of ocean ships is received and processed by part-time personnel.
display model
The ocean natural disaster monitoring and forecast (alerting) information features great timeliness: if the information is received not timely, or is used not timely even if received timely, it will make no sense if it is the most accurate. As shown in figure 2, traditional and low-efficient timing information is changed to advanced and high-efficient timing information, and thus ship commanders will become much more initiative and flexible in using disaster monitoring and forecast (alerting) information and disaster avoidance (such as typhoon), or coping with all kinds of complicated natural disasters at sea.
4. Design Technology of the Comprehensive Information Platform for the Prevention of Natural Disasters based on Ocean Ships
In the comprehensive information platform for the prevention of natural disasters based on ocean ships, the seamless time-space integration of heterogeneous information resources in different application systems is realized mainly through using modern technologies such as computer technology, wireless communication technology, natural disasters forecast (alerting) technology, digital information integration processing technology, geographic information system (GIS), and global positioning system (GPS), and also higher-level information services are provided for the commanders (decision makers) of ocean ships in an integrated and unified way, thus promoting the self-security ability, distress searching and rescue auxiliary decision-making ability, and the sea (especially ocean) transport and production operation abilities of ocean ships to be effectively increased.
Fig.3: The system structure of the comprehensive information platform for the prevention of natural disasters in ocean ships
The current mainstream digital information integration methods can be generally divided into three types: (1) materialization method, also called as data warehouse method, is used for storing the integrated data sourcing from all data sources; (2) virtual method, also called as middleware method, applies a structure completely different from data warehouse; (3) materialization+ virtual method, also called as mixed method, makes compromise optimization on materialization method and virtual method, and then buffers important, less-changed, or commonly-used information locally with information buffer pool technology, but still acquires other information directly from information sources. As shown in figure 3, the system is composed by the following modules.
(1)Query parser module: This module receives the unified queries of users, parses query language into the language understood by the system, and then transfers the parsed query statements
(2)Query decomposition module: This module receives the already-parsed query statements, and decomposes the global queries into different local query statements according to the mapping from the global model to local model
(3)Query conversion module: This module converts local query statements of all resources to the query statements understood by resources according to the metadata of all resources
(4)Query optimization module: This module makes effective optimization on query statements
(5)Information search engine module: This module allocates tasks and schedules resources according to queries, and also executes information integrated query operations
(6)Information correction module: This module amend the results after queries and makes inconsistency checks, and ultimately obtains query results
(7)Information buffer pool module: This module buffers the heterogeneous information of different information sources through local information buffer pool and optimizes strategies based on heterogeneous resources clustering algorithm, thus ensuring the high efficiency of information access
5. Conclusion
First, compared with the traditional way of acquiring natural disaster monitoring and forecast information, the comprehensive information platform for the prevention of natural disasters based on ocean ships has attained a qualitative leap in the improvement of disaster prevention and reduction aid decision making. However, it is still far away from the target requirements of an ocean natural disaster prevention system of perfect, comprehensive, and multiple functions. In this sense, the design idea for the comprehensive information platform for the prevention of natural disasters based on ocean ships is still advanced at least at present. Certainly, it is expected that the newest-generation ocean ship disaster prevention and reduction aid decision information system can be sooner born. Second, different from other non-ocean natural disaster prevention engineering information communication ways, the information communication way of the comprehensive information platform for the prevention of natural disasters based on ocean ships almost completely relies on satellite communication technology. This requires the communication equipments used in ocean ships to be "green". Third, the 21st century is the century of development and green, and the green ships originating in the mid of 1990s for meeting environmental protection demands have no internationally-recognized unified green standards until now. However, developing green ships has become global consensus and choice, and it will certainly lead the world shipbuilding industry to accomplish qualitative leaps and changes!
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