时间：2022-08-01 08:25:42
Abstract. The difference between the modern public management and traditional management epitomizes whether the target is positioned in the public interest, public administration, not only to provide efficient services for the community, but also should be emphasized that social justice, social equity as the allocation of public service law and basis in reality. Contemporary new public management advocacy is understood from the broad sense of the main public management, public administration body is no longer confined to the government and the organization of public administration and public administration distinguish. Public management in the development process, Marxism plays an important role in the development of public administration; the theoretical and practical value of the article illustrates Marxist Philosophy in Public Administration.
Key words: Marxism; Public Administration; socialist
Introductions
Public management is the management of public affairs, public affairs is the starting point of the public administration, public administration towards public management inevitable trend. Public management in the public sector of the government as the core of the integration of the various forces in society, the extensive use of political, economic, management, legal methods, to strengthen the Government's capacity to govern, to improve government performance and the quality of public services, in order to achieve public welfare and the public interest. Public management as an integral part of the majority field of public administration and public affairs, with its emphasis on public administration as a career and public managers as the practice of the profession.
1. Public Administration connotation
Public management is a concept in Western social structures and theoretical system. For a long time, the meaning of public administration has been quite broad; many researchers have given the diverse interpretation from the perspective of different disciplines. In comparison, most of the researchers understanding of public management objects are consistent, that is the object of public administration is the public affairs of the community, however, is not the same as the definition of the public administration body, there are two views: the first kinds of view, the main body of the public administration is a narrow government, that is the Chief executive department and the legislature, the judiciary relative In this sense, public management and public administration are synonymous, often is equated. The second view is that the main body of the public administration is a non-profit social organization, different from both companies, because of the not-for-profit goal, also different from the government, because they do not have administrative rights. The nonprofit society organizations through its specialized capabilities to meet the common needs of certain public types so as to reflect the social and public management affairs functions. Therefore, the public administration is unspecified non-profit social organization of social and public affairs management.
2. The purpose of the Public Administration
The purpose of the public administration is to achieve the public interest. The so-called public relations benefit for the community members to share resources and conditions. The realization of the public interest is mainly shown the provision of public goods and services. Very broad meaning of public goods, not only refers to the tangible items, such as: public places, public facilities, public road traffic can also be intangible products and services, such as: social security, social security, education, medical care.
2.1 The study of public management of public affairs and management
The study of public management of public affairs and management of the process of the country, the government and the social and public organizations, Business Administration study of industrial and commercial enterprises and their business process. The specific differences between the two is that: management purposes, the purpose of the public administration is seeking social and public interests, the purpose of Business Administration is seeking organizations profit; management of the different nature of the traditional public administration has a monopoly, Business Administration has competitive; Third, management tools, traditional public management of the administrative and legal means, complemented by economic means; Business Administration economic means, supplemented by legal means and administrative means. We need to grasp the junction point of the two, the more we must focus on to find out at the difference between the two, in order to have a comprehensive understanding of public administration.
3. Marxism Public Administration Theory Origins
Classical writers such as Marx and Engels, the main line of the characteristics of public power, the overall description of the history of public administration transmutation illustrates a new public management concept. Public management concept as an important ideological traditional Marxism, the entire system of thought like Marxism, as the source of the theory of classical German philosophy is not limited to, the British classical political economy and French utopian socialist ideology. Ancient Greek political thought, liberal values, the formation of Hegel's political philosophy and utopian socialist ideology of Marxism public management concept has generated a profound impact, Marx and Engels always through critical analysis, from the point of view of the theory of sources analyze these ideas to expand their own thinking, and ultimately the formation of the Marxist perspective on public management. Comprehensive analysis on the theory sources of Marxism public management concept, which is conducive to sort out the Marxist theoretical context of public management concept to capture the overall public management ideas of Marxism.
4. Marxism and Public Administration
On the basis of summarizing the experience of the Paris Commune, Marx, and the theory of the "cheap government" reconstruction, systematic exposition of the must-governmental organizations in the organizational, institutional reform, the implementation of radical democracy, the implementation of the Civil Service of the low salary system, better play social autonomy, self-organization and autonomy functions. Among these ideas, we can easily see the traditional figure of the ancient Greek political thought. Ancient Greek political thought of Marx and Engels had an important impact. "Not surprisingly, Marx and Engels put it as a source of inspiration.
4.1Liberalism
Liberalism is a basic political belief, to build a social system and policy orientation of freedom as the basic methods and policies of the government, the organizing principle of society as well as the way of life of the individual and the community. Liberalism's fundamental values and ideas are very broad and complex, which consist primarily of individual rights, freedom of movement, legal obligations, guaranteed by the Constitution, fairness and justice, and limited government. Marx in the years of growth, not only to liberal political economy as a "revelation" to accept and learn from its main idea, but also frequently referenced Repeat Smith detailed formulas and specific examples, so that those who placed in a very high level, he brings the "source" of Marx's thought readers embarrassed.
4.2 Influence on the liberal values of Marxism
Had a profound influence on the liberal values of Marxism and its political and public management thinking. "Marxism is indeed originated in the liberal, it has adopted and adapted the liberal values and the overall view, and, if you do not have the broad background of the liberal, Marxist would be incredible would not exist." From The Historical Evolution of the Public Administration view, Marx and Engels, starting from the characteristics of public power, the public administration is divided into the primordial public administration, public management of the country's public administration and citizens, and three historical stages.
4.3 Marx and public administration point of view
Critique of Hegel's political philosophy, Marx has set a series of national public administration point of view. First, civil society determines state. The critique of the philosophy of Hegel, Marx, first pointed out that Hegel upside down the relationship between the state and civil society, the family. Second, the state, in essence, is a tool of class domination. Third, the purpose is consistence of bureaucracy and the national unity. Therefore, the series points of Marx's politics and public management directly from the politics and philosophy of Hegel. And the critical inheritance, not only is Marx's political and public management ideas, and a turning point in his thought.
4.4 Marxism basic viewpoints of the public functions of government
Marx's analysis of the functions of the government is based on public needs as a starting point. Social and public needs that "the needs of the community in general, and to meet the public needs to maintain a certain political and economic order of life, the normal operation of social reproduction, the basic requirements for the existence and development of human society. Marx pointed out that, in any social production, always able to distinguish between the two parts of the labor: a part of the product directly from producers and their families for personal consumption, the other part is always used to meet the needs of the community in general.
4.5The national generates and Public Administration
The root causes of the country lies in the existence of social and public affairs and the need to the government fulfill certain public functions. The founders of Marxism, even in a slave society and feudal society, the government also must perform certain public functions, such as Persia and India autocratic government must manage valley irrigation and other public affairs, and thus the development of agricultural production. The founders of Marxism, the essential characteristics of the country is the separation of public powers and the people at large, since it is a public authority, it must be at least in some way representative of the public interest, to perform public functions. This has a dual nature, on the one hand, the country to perform a variety of public affairs by the nature of all social, hand and perform a variety of special functions generated by the government of the masses as opposed to state functions. Thus, the basic function of government includes two aspects; one is the function of political rule, a public function or public affairs management functions.
4.6 Basic views on the government's social management
Political rule is based on the implementation of social functions based political rule only in the implementation of the social functions to continue. With the development of the productive forces, the Public Affairs growing, expanding executive power, and continue to strengthen the functions of the government's social management.
4.7 Democratic centralism and local self-government relationship analysis
As long as there are countries, each country will have its own central, every citizen just because centralization fulfills their civic duties. An important condition for the implementation of the Central necessary centralization is to be combined with the local self. As a republican form of government, separation of powers is an important principle of the capitalist countries can engage in local self-government, the socialist countries should be even more so. In summing up the experience of the Paris Commune, Marx pointed out: the existence of the commune will naturally bring local self-government, commune means genuine autonomy.
4.8 Marxism modern analysis of China's modernization of public administration Perspective
The modern public management theory bred and grew up in western countries with highly developed market economy, soil the government management theory, the theory of the market economy is the economic basis for the existence. Marxism believes that Western society to the post-industrial society period from the establishment of a market economy system, the market economy has experienced a considerable period of time; the market economy has been maturing. Highly developed market economy, the market has become the most efficient means of distribution of social resources, as the invisible hand of the market, has become the only allocated the main body of the private sector outside the government. At the same time, China's public domain, the operating efficiency of the government in the traditional administrative mode is very low, with extremely suited to the efficient operation of the market. It is a dramatic contrast between the two, making people reflects on the traditional pattern of administration. On the one hand, the main players in the market in a highly developed market economy has achieved a great success of the management, the market subject to the front desk of the society, on the other hand, the inefficient traditional administrative model with a highly developed market economy, more and more poles apart The friction of conflict has become increasingly prominent. It can be said that, born out of the market economy, the modernization of public administration with the progress it also return to the market economy, rooted in a market economy. Its idea is based on a market economy; its advocates have to rely on a market economy. Therefore, regardless of the ideological roots from the modernization of public administration measures in terms of his ideas, a market economy produce soil of modern public administration, public administration must be compatible with the market economy, total survival.
4.9 It should be integrated into the global rules
Integration with the global rules, in fact, has become an important force in promoting the reform of public administration. Globalized economy requires a certain sacrifice of national discretion, they transfer to the international agencies and obey international rules only active financial competition in the international market, step by step with the international practice, to accept and abide by global rules and reform of the public administration system, processes, ways and means to help a range of domestic and international public management problems in the era of the process of globalization continues to accelerate., whether it is the era of great change in the increasing uncertainty developed or hair are seeking a new form of governance and new forms of governance can better adapt to the new environment only to find such a new form of governance. Countries to fierce competition gain advantages in order to enable the community to get quality growth in such a large environment. Governance theory has won worldwide politicians, entrepreneurs and academics consensus with China's actual situation, which we are very view from the competition between the social sustainability of the reconstruction of a democratic political knowledge system, is a very important theoretical resources. Inefficient public administration out of the market process is also very important theoretical resource. View from the competition between the region's sustainability. Legally make full use of governance theory resources. Then a certain extent should enhance social capital can be seen as a very important to enhance the social capital way.