商检“新规”为企业带来什么

12月1日,一部新的《中华人民共和国进出口商品检验法实施条例》(以下简称新《商检法实施条例》)正式生效实施｡看似枯燥的文字后面,其实折射着发展的脉搏和开放的律动｡对于正摩拳擦掌准备到国际舞台上大显身手的中国企业,这部“国门新规”带来的影响无疑将是深远的｡

企业权益更有保障

去年12月份,常州市某企业获赠一批国外旧机电产品｡当时该企业没有到检验检疫部门进行备案,便让赠方装船发运了｡可是船到上海港,问题来了,上海口岸发现这批产品未进行备案和装运前检查,当即予以扣押并按照规定劝其退运｡这边企业方还等着产品回去组织生产,焦急之下天天派人往上海跑,可每次都是无功而返｡转眼近一年的时间过去了,这批旧机电产品仍滞留在上海港,企业方面还必须为此支付高额的滞港费｡

近年来,在常州着力打造“现代制造业基地”的同时,旧机电产品的进口急剧增加｡记者从常州检验检疫局了解到,今年1至11月份全市共进口旧机电产品216批,总金额3472万美元｡然而,由于旧商检法实施条例未对此作出明确规定,很多常州企业为图省事选择了不申报､不受检而直接签订进口合同｡但是,这样做对企业来说风险很大,一旦因为手续不全而被口岸查扣,企业将会费时又费钱,最严重的是影响自身生产计划｡就算侥幸“入关”,今后产品出现质量问题,企业的自身利益也很难保障｡

而今,新《商检法实施条例》第二十二条对旧机电产品进口的入境程序､监管要求和法律责任等均作出了明确规定｡今后凡是国家允许进口的旧机电产品收货人在签订外贸合同前,必须先到检验检疫部门办理备案手续,对须实施装运前检验的旧机电产品还必须实行装运前检验｡常州局机电处负责人介绍,这一条例不仅保障了企业的合法权益,更将有力维护全市的经济发展大局｡

检验模式更加灵活

毛婷是江苏金鼎电动工具集团的报检员｡这些年,她亲眼见证了金鼎出口量逐年猛增的发展历程,现在金鼎一年的出口报检批次有6000多批｡毛婷说,如果检验检疫部门仍按照原条例“每批必检”的规定去操作,她不敢想象那将是个什么情形:“就算我一年到头不休息,也绝对完成不了这么巨大的工作量｡”

毛婷的假设是有道理的｡按照原《商检法实施条例》,检验检疫部门对出口产品实行每批必检制度,而且侧重于成品检验｡但是随着常州进出口业务的快速发展,近几年全市出口报检批次基本上是每3年翻一番,2004年报检量达到12万批｡以前传统检验方式既不适应国际快速物流的需求,也不利于对企业生产的监督管理,按照常州局检务处诸俊峰处长的话说,等成品出来了再检验,次品也只能是次品了,这种检验已经不适合时代的发展要求｡

基于此,常州局于2001年初就率先在江苏检验检疫系统推行了检验模式改革｡改革主要体现在对企业分级分类管理､过程监管和检验放行分离上｡以金鼎为例,因为其管理体系､质量水平､市场信誉度始终走在全市出口企业前列,所以被常州局评为一类企业,这样它的批次抽查率可以降为5%~15%｡重要的是,检验检疫人员对企业实行了整个生产过程的监管,也就是深入到每一个环节,提高成品率,确保成品质量｡在此基础上就可实行出口产品检验和放行的分离,这样无论是企业还是检验检疫人员,都不必为了某批产品的出口而加班加点赶时间了｡

虽然创新举措受到了企业的欢迎,但是在新《商检法实施条例》出台之前,常州局的这些做法却“师出无名”,只能说是一种有益的探索｡如今新规出台,明确指出“出入境检验检疫机构根据便利对外贸易的需要,对出口企业实施分类管理”､“出入境检验检疫机构进行出厂前的质量监督管理和检验内容,包括对生产企业的质量保证工作进行监督检查,对出口商品进行出厂前检验”｡这不仅仅是对包括常州检验检疫人改革实践的一种肯定,还将让更多企业享受到这种快速､便捷的服务,进而更好地融入到“大通关”格局中｡

报检更为便捷

江苏晨风集团是国内知名的服装出口企业,拥有着广阔的国际市场｡前几年,公司里有十几个员工专门跑进出口单证,可就这样还总觉得忙不过来｡“三电工程”实施前,按照传统报检流程,公司员工至少要在金坛､常州间跑3个来回才能办理完全部报检､签证手续｡可是现在,晨风只定了两个员工专门办理报检业务,他们只要坐在电脑前轻点鼠标,所有报检工作就能轻松搞定｡

晨风人说,他们是常州局推行新“三电工程”后的首批受益者,所谓新“三电工程”,就是“电子申报､电子监管､电子放行｡”这些年,全市先后有50多家企业在检验检疫部门的帮助下实行了无纸化报检,不仅节省了人力物力,而且工作效率大大提升｡但是,国家推行新“三电工程”与原《商检法实施条例》之间却存在着一个悖论―――因为原条例规定企业报检必须提供书面单证,于是电子化的便捷性在这一规定前也就化于无形｡好在常州局大胆突破条条框框,在几年前就实行了先报电子数据､文本单证省略或后补的变通措施｡

此次,新《商检法实施条例》对检验检疫推行电子化进程予以高度重视,在四十二条中明确规定“办理进出口商品报检､检验､鉴定等手续,符合条件的,可以采取电子数据文件的形式”｡此条例一出,常州局的变通之举就合理合规,下一步他们还将在更多符合条件的常州企业中推行新“三电工程”,实行常州企业通关方式的整体提升｡

(岳小平　夏　敏)

On Dec.1st, a brand new Regulations For the Implementation of the Law of the People＇s Republic of China on Import and Export Commodity Inspection was officially put into effect, which represents development trend and a more opening-up attitude. This new regulations undoubtedly will bring far-reaching influence to the Changzhou city focusing on outward-oriented economy and the Changzhou＇s enterprises getting ready to expand their business on international market.

Better Protection Upon the Rights

of Enterprises

In Dec. last year, a batch of used eletromechanical products from abroad was donated to a company in the Chang city. But the company asked the donator to ship the goods without getting it registered and recorded in local inspection and quarantine authority.When the ship arrived at the Shanghai port, local authority detained the goods and ordered it shipped back after finding out that this batch of good was neither put on record nor inspected before shipping. The company sent its personnel to take care of the matter frequently but all failed. One year has passed, the batch of goods was still in the Shanghai port while the company was paying high fees for the delayed delivery.

In recent years, the Changzhou city is building itself as modern manufacturing base and witnessing a huge increase of the import of eletromechanical products. According to statistics from the Changzhou Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, from Jan. to Nov. this year the city has imported 216 batches of used eletromechanical products with a total value of USD 34.72 million. The former Regulations do not carry specific items in this regard, most of enterprises in the Changzhou city chose to sign import contract directly without filing application and receiving inspection, greatly putting themselves on high risk. Enterprises will waste time and money once the imported goods were detained due to improper procedures, which will in turn seriously impede production scheme. Even if the goods were permitted to enter, the benefit of enterprises will be endangered when there arise product quality problems.

The 22nd article of the new Regulations gave specific explanation to entry procedures, supervision and management, legal responsibility of the import of used eletromechanical products. Before signing contract, all eletromechanical products importers under the state approval must get registered and recorded in inspection and quarantine authority. Inspection should be taken before shipping the used eletromechanical products. This article will not only protect legal rights of enterprises but also will safeguard economic development of the Changzhou city

More Flexible Inspection Pattern

Being an inspection application assistant of the Jiangshu Jinding Electric Tool Group, Ms. Maoting has witnessed tremendous export expansion of the Group year by year. The total export inspection application has reached over 6000 batches a year. Maoting thought that if inspection and quarantine authority still followed the former rule of inspecting the goods batch by batch, it would be hard to imagine the situation. Even if I work 365 days a year, I would not finish this amount of workload, Maoting said.

It is quite reasonable for Maoting to presume this. In accordance with the former Regulations, inspection and quarantine authority will conduct inspection upon exported goods batch by batch, and place emphasis on finished products. With the rapid development of import and export business in the Changzhou city, inspection application will double every three years recently, in 2004 the figure reached 120,000 batches. Former inspection pattern failed to meet the requirements of rapid development of international logistics and became obstacle to supervise and manage production in enterprises. Mr. Zhu Junfeng, Head of Inspection Affairs Department of the Changzhou Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, pointed out that if inspection was carried out upon finished product, defective products would be unavoidable and this inspection pattern is outdated.

The Changzhou Inspection and Quarantine Bureau first brought reform to inspection pattern in the Jiangshu inspection and quarantine system in 2001. The reform mainly involved categorywise and graded management over enterprise, supervision and management over application process and separation of inspection and approval. Taking the Jingding as an example, its management system, quality level and market reputation came out in leading position among export enterprises in the Changzhou city and became classified as the Grade One enterprise, making its sampling rate for inspection down to 5 to 15%. More important, inspector supervised the whole production process and improved quality of finished products. At the meantime, they separated exported goods inspection from approval process, saving time for both enterprises and inspection units.

The innovative measures, regarded as beneficial exploration, were greatly welcomed by enterprises, but before the issue of the new Regulations there was no written form supporting these practices. The new Regulations clearly stated that to facilitate development of foreign trade, entry-exit inspection and quarantine authority should carry out graded management over export enterprises. The entry-exit inspection and quarantine authority should supervise and examine quality assurance work of manufacturer and inspect exported goods before they leave factory. This move gave positive confirmation to reform and innovation by the Changzhou Inspection and Quarantine Bureau and let more enterprises enjoy this quick and convenient service, ensuring smoother customs clearances.

Quicker Application For Inspection

As a famous clothes export enterprise in China, the Jiangshu Chenfeng Group enjoys broad international market. Several years ago dozens of its personnel were responsible for processing export procedures. Following the traditional procedures, they will travel between the Jintan and the Changzhou for at least three times to complete the application. Currently, only two persons are needed to get it done by clicking mouse in front of computer.

Employees at Chenfeng Group claimed that they were the first beneficiary of the project of electronic application, electronic supervision and management, electronic approval initiated by the Changzhou Inspection and Quarantine Bureau. Over 50 enterprises, with the support of Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, realized electronic inspection application, saving great human and material resources and improving work efficiency. But there exists contradiction between the popularization of the project of electronic application, electronic supervision and management, electronic approval and the former Regulations. The former Regulations carry that written application must be submitted, which makes e-application become inefficient. The Changzhou Inspection and Quarantine Bureau put forward the alternative policy of e-application first, written form later several years ago.

The new Regulations attached great importance to the IT application in inspection and quarantine. The 42nd article clearly specifies that when they process inspection application for export commodities, electronic data should be applied for those qualified, making the alternative policy invented by Changzhou Inspection and Quarantine Bureau feasible. Consequently they will introduce the project of electronic application, electronic supervision and management, electronic approval into more qualified enterprises in the Changzhou city and improve customs clearances in the Changzhou city.