时间：2022-07-28 10:43:25
作者简介：刘玉双(1986.3-)，女，汉族，广西师范大学09英语专业硕士，主要研究英美文学
Translation,especially the poetry translation,is very important in the process of language learning,so methods of translation seem to be more and more important in those days.This paper will provide you the method of how to translate poetry naturally and fluently by the combination of “Domesticating translation” and “foreignzing translation”.
“Domesticating translation” and “foreignizing translation” are the terms coined by L.Venut to describe the two different translation strategies.The roots of the terms can be traced back to the German philosopher Schleiermachers Argument that there are only two different methods of translation,“either the translator leaves the author in peace,as much as possible,and moves the reader towards him; or he leaves the reader in peace,as much as possible,and moves the author towards him”.
Toward these two methods,Yuan Kejia,the modern scholar and translator,once said that an excellent translation should include these two kinds of translation methods and an excellent translator could use these two kinds of way properly and proficiently.According to the passage which you are going to translate,we should use one method frequently and use the other when necessary.
For this regard,Yuan Kejia did very well.He insisted on the loyalty to the original,emphasizing that we should notice that translating is not rewriting.In his translation,Yuan Kejia ignored the rhyme and rhythm of western poetry and went straight to convey the atmosphere of the poem.We can get this from the following translation:
When You Are Old 当你老了
（William Butler Yeats） (袁可嘉译)
When you are old and grey and full of sleep 当你老了，头白了，睡意昏沉，
And nodding by the fire,take down this book炉火旁打盹，请取下这部诗歌，
And slowly read,and dream of the soft look慢慢读，回想你过去眼神的柔和，
Your eyes had once,and of their shadows deep;回想它们昔日浓重的阴影；
How many loved your moments of glad grace,多少人爱你青春欢畅的时辰，
And loved your beauty with love false or true,爱慕你的美丽，假意或真心，
But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,只有一个人爱你那朝圣者的灵魂，
And loved the sorrows of your changing face;爱你衰老了的脸上痛苦的皱纹；
And bending down beside the glowing bars,垂下头来，在红光闪耀的炉子旁，
Murmur,a little sadly,how love fled凄然地轻轻诉说那爱情的消逝，
And paced upon the mountains overhead在头顶的山上它缓缓踱着步子，
And hid his face amid a crowd of stars.在一群星星中间隐藏着脸庞。
The speakers emotion,anxiety and perplexity toward his lover really moved us.There were no much difference in the length and pattern of the original and the translation.As to the pattern of the translation,Yuan Kejia thought that it was no use to imitate the original,but it was not right to change the pattern at will.Necessary changes may add beauties to the poem,but we should remember that the most important point of translation is loyalty and changes should be based on loyalty.
Among so many translations of this poem,this one is regarded the best.For example,the sentence “But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you，And loved the sorrows of your changing face;”
袁可嘉译 只有一个人爱你那朝圣者的灵魂，爱你衰老了的脸上痛苦的皱纹；
裘小龙译 但有一个人爱你那朝圣者的灵魂，也爱你那衰老了的脸上的哀伤；
杨牧译 有一个人爱你朝山的灵魂内心，爱你变化的面容有那些怔忡错愕。
傅浩译 但唯有一人爱你灵魂的至诚，爱你渐衰的脸上愁苦的风霜；
All of these translations can be accepted easily by us,but it is more accurate to translate the word “sorrow”to 痛苦的皱纹.As a scholar,Yuan Kejia knew the basic meaning of it (哀伤)，but he refused to mention the basic meaning,which proved his intellect and his serious attitude toward translation.It told us at once that a translator needed to gain a full understanding of the original text,as the first step of the translation process.
As translation requires “the full picture” on the target country，the translator should in some case translate toward his own mother tongue.And we should know original language and target language culture as much as possible and have extensive knowledge with the problems which the original writes or talks about,before translating some materials,especially some professional materials.
The combination of “Domesticating translation” and “foreignizing translation” can make the translation perfect.It is hard to keep loyal to the original absolutely both in content and in pattern,for the difference between culture and language features.But we should pay specially attention to the emotion and features of poet and avoid complete domestication or foreignization.
Conclusion
Different methods of translation are changeable rather than fixed.Whether to use foreignizing or domesticating strategy depends on different factors such as the importance and the contextual factors of the sentences and words.It is very important that translators should not only know the surface meaning of the original,but also know what the original wants to express.And translation should accord with the expressive way of target language,so that it can be easily accepted by target language readers.
（广西师范大学；广西；桂林；541000）
References
［1］ Jiang Hongxin “THE TRANSLATOR YUAN KEJIA”，《Chinese reading paper》，2005
［2］ Zhuguangqian 《TALK ABOUT TRANSLATION》1984 Foreign Language Teaching And Researching Press
［3］ Yuan Kejia《The foot press in half a century―the selected poetry of Yuan Kejia》Chinese Literature Press