完形填空之解题模式建构

巧解“完形填空”题就是要将挖空留白的阅读材料还原，即忠实于原文，努力恢复本来的“面目”(高手能100%地还原)。其中的“面”就是篇章，其中的“目”就是词汇。万事万物皆有其“道”。解题的过程就是不断寻根问底、追根求源的过程。通过不断地“追问”，我们就能了解作者的思维过程。高考完形填空题命制那么完整、完全和完美，是训练时不可忽视的材料。

完形填空解题三个主要过程为阅读、分析和查找。阅读过程是考生根据阅读材料激活已有知识建构意义的过程。分析过程是把握主旨和细节，还原本来面貌的过程。查找过程是核实信息、准确定形的过程。Scoreaffected factors (影响得分的因素) are listed as follows：main idea (主旨大意)(read for the main idea)；topic (话题) / theme (主题)；plot(情节) / background (背景) / role (角色)；clue (线索) / relation (关系) / coherence (连贯性)；trunk主干 / detail细节；context (上下文) / repetition (重复)；structures (结构) / phrases (短语)；pictures / images forming (构建画面) and so on. Three procedures are “taste” (skim the passage for the main idea), “swallow” (scan for the specific meaning) and “digest” (careful reading for adjustment).

高考完形填空题具有以下特征：

1．时代性 (参见2011高考山东卷完形填空)：不少中学生就是音乐迷、球迷、影迷、歌迷，你可以想象他们的兴奋劲。阅读的过程就是欣赏和感受快乐的过程。请看以下片段：

I first went to hear a live rock concert when I was eight years old. My brother and his friends were all 36 of a heavy metal group called Black Wednesday. When they 37 that Black Wednesday were going to perform at our local theatre, they all bought 38 for performance. However, at the last minute, one of the friends couldnt go, so my brother 39 me the ticket. I was really 40 !

36. A. members

B. friends

C. fans

D. volunteers

37. A. guessed

B. discovered

C. thought

D. predicted

38. A. flowers

B. drinks

C. clothes

D. tickets

39. A. booked

B. offered

C. returned

D. found

40. A. relaxed

B. embarrassed

C. excited

D. encouraged

【答案】 CBDBC

2．针对性 (参见2011高考北京卷完形填空)：关注学生情感，关注学生发展。

With my 52 selfconfidence comes more praise from teachers and classmates. I have gone from 53 in the back of the classroom and not wanting to call attention to myself, 54 raising my hand―even when I sometimes wasnt and not 100 percent 55 I had the right answer. Now I have more selfconfidence in myself.

52. A. expressed

B. improved

C. preserved

D. recognized

53. A. dreaming

B. playing

C. relaxing

D. hiding

54. A. by

B. for

C. with

D. to

55. A. lucky

B. happy

C. sure

D. satisfied

【答案】 BDDC

3．指导性 (参见2011高考福建卷完形填空)：类似这样的人生才算精彩。

Diana Velex does everything with maximum effort―and at maximum speed. That 36 learning a new language, completing two certificates and opening a store.

When arriving in Canada in 2008,she had one 37 ： to have what she had back Home in Colombia. “I didnt want to 38 what I do, like so many who come to a new country,” she said. “I 39 to open a store here in Canada but knew I had to 40 myself properly.”

Diana quickly realize that making her dream of shop ownership in Canada a 41 meant going to school to get the 42 education and certification.” My experience of owning a shop and working as a designer in Colombia gave me 43 in my abilities. But I couldnt speak the language and I had to 44 how to do things in Canada. It was like having to 45 all over again,” said Diana.

36. A. requires

B. encourages

C. introduces

D. advises

37. A. goal

B. memory

C. choice

D. problem

38. A. continue

B. choose

C. change

D. lose

39. A. demanded

B. decided

C. agreed

D. hesitated

40. A. teach

B. prepare

C. enjoy

D. persuade

41. A. reality

B. fact

C. challenge

D. wonder

42. A. physical

B. private

C. primary

D. necessary

43. A. pressure

B. judgment

C. influence

D. confidence

44. A. put away

B. depend on

C. learn about

D. look into

45. A. advance

B. start

C. suffer

D. work

【答案】 CACBB ADDCB

4．趣味性 (参见2011高考江西卷完形填空)：家政服务人员不想入睡却偏偏入梦，孩子的语言幽默搞笑。

解题攻略如下：

一、宏观把握

一目数行

在两分钟内迅速浏览，将零散的信息通过线索或主题串联起来，进而了解大意。首尾句必看，并稍加分析，至少记住五、六个有价值的信息。

一触即发

做完形填空时一定要快速反应，以满腔的热情和坚韧的意志迅速地进入文本，解读出关键信息。谁的能力强，谁自信，谁就能把握主动权。

一览众山小

假如吃透了原文的含义，我们就会产生“居高临下”的感觉，从而有利于领略“原文本”的写作风格、特点和篇章结构。如2011陕西卷完形填空 (见下文)，我们浏览后应当了解大意：三个富人努力帮助穷人的三种方法。第一、二两种是解决问题的短期方法，而第三种是解决问题的长期方法。

In a land far away, once upon a time there was great poverty (贫困), and only the rich could manage without great 26 (much difficulty). Three of those rich men and their servants were 27 together on a road when they came to a very 28 village.

26. A. loss

B. expectations

C. success

D. problems

没有大问题

27. A. standing

B. travelling

C. gathering

D. running

旅游

28. A. faraway

B. poor

C. different

D. ancient

三人扶贫济困 (上文提示)

The first could not stand seeing the poverty, 29 he took all the gold and jewels from his wagons (四轮载重马车) and shared 30 out among the villagers. He wished them all the best of luck, and he left.

29. A. unless

B. because

C. so

D. if

表因果关系

30. A. them

B. anything

C. nothing

D. those

指代上文金银和珠宝

The second rich man, seeing the 31 situation, stopped for a short time and gave 32 all his food and drink, since he 33 see that money would be of little 34 to them. He made sure that they each 35 their fair share and would have enough food to 36 for some time. Then he left.

31. A. curious

B. worrying

C. dangerous

D. puzzling

令人堪忧的 (局面)

32. A. the villagers

B. his servants

C. the others

D. the rest

村民们

33. A. could

B. might

C. should

D. must

能够看出 (具有能力)

34. A. interest

B. concern

C. use

D. attraction

用途

35. A. returned

B. gained

C. offered

D. received

获得

36. A. remain

B. last

C. supply

D. share

继续维持

The third rich man, on seeing such poverty, 37 and went straight through the 38 without stopping. The two other rich men saw this from a distance and commented with each other 39 the third rich man lacked sympathy. It was 40 that they themselves had been there to offer help.

37. A. turned back

B. set out

C. showed off

D. speeded

加速赶路

38. A. village

B. land

C. field

D. road

穿过村庄

39. A. whether

B. how

C. where

D. when

议论如何……

40. A. good

B. certain

C. true

D. strange

好

However, three days later, they 41 the third rich man, who was coming in the opposite direction. He was 42 travelling quickly, but his wagons, 43 the gold and valuables they had been 44 , were now full of farming tools and bags of 45 . He was rushing back to help them out of poverty.

41. A. welcomed

B. met

C. accepted

D. persuaded

碰到

42. A. still

B. already

C. always

D. indeed

仍然 (照应篇首)

43. A. except

B. instead of

C. apart from

D. along with

取而代之

44. A. loading

B. treasuring

C. carrying

D. earning

携带

45. A. food

C. jewels

C. money

D. seeds

农耕所需要的种子

【答案】 DBBCA BAACD BDABA BABCD

二、微观审视

完形填空其实是“意义”填空。要学会顺水推舟，学会顺着作者的思路去理解、去体会、去还原。请研读以下短文，看看哪些答案依据上下文是明示? 哪些是提示? 哪些是暗示?参见2011全国II卷完形填空 (见下文)。做题时尽量按照以下四字词语来进行。

1．一心一意

做题时一定要心无杂念，不可庸人自扰。如下文是围绕主题“疲劳后瞌睡”而一一展开。

2．一丝不苟

做完形填空时把握好细节十分重要，能帮助我们更好地理解文意。在下文中，一幅又一幅打瞌睡的画面跃入眼前：乘客乘车、学生演讲大厅、司机疲劳驾驶。

3．一着不让

由“已知”推出“未知”，需要仔细阅读和研究，要能说服自己。知识的匮乏、能力的薄弱有可能使得个别学生误入歧途，一步错，步步错。

4．一气呵成

做题的过程一定是持续思维的过程，切不可中途懈怠，或半途而废。

5．一箭双雕

练习的过程其实也是接触语言，学会鉴赏，学会评价，获取知识和技能、积累经验、丰富阅历的过程。机不可失。

There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train， on the 21 home from work in the evenings. A man will be 22 the newspaper, and seconds later it 23 as if he is trying to 24 it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger 25 next to him.

21. A. way

B. track

C. path

D. road

22. A. buying

B. folding

C. delivering

D. reading

23. A. acts

B. shows

C. appears

D. sounds

24. A. open

B. eat

C. find

D. finish

25. A. lying

B. waiting

C. talking

D. sitting

26 place where unplanned short sleep 27 is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring (打鼾) so 28 that the professor has to ask another student to 29 the sleeper awake. A more embarrassing（尴尬）situation occurs when a student starts

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