同期推量调强放疗与序贯推量调强放疗治疗老年局晚期非小细胞肺癌的效果比较

时间:2022-07-23 09:50:25

同期推量调强放疗与序贯推量调强放疗治疗老年局晚期非小细胞肺癌的效果比较

[摘要] 目的 比较老年局晚期非小细胞肺癌(LA-NSCLC)患者采取同期推量调强放疗(SIB-IMRT)与序贯推量调强放疗(SEQ-IMRT)的效果。 方法 回顾性分析徐州医学院附属医院2010年1月~2014年10月住院的56例老年LA-NSCLC患者,随机分为治疗组(28例,采用SIB-IMRT)和对照组(28例,采用SEQ-IMRT)。比较两组患者放疗计划不同参数的剂量及两组患者的近期疗效和急性毒副反应。 结果 SIB-IMRT组肿瘤靶区内生物等效剂量(BED)(95.3±4.7)Gy高于SEQ-IMRT组的(86.4±3.2)Gy,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组靶区肺受照相关体积、肺平均受照剂量、脊髓受照最大剂量、心脏受照相关体积比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组总有效率(CR+PR)为82.1%,对照组总有效率为46.4%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。 结论 SIB-IMRT与SEQ-IMRT治疗老年LA-NSCLC,前者可获得理想的剂量分布,可提高肿瘤靶区内的BED且未增加周围危及器官剂量,可提高近期疗效且急性毒副反应无增加。

[关键词] 非小细胞肺癌;放射治疗;调强放疗;剂量学

[中图分类号] R734.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2015)09(b)-0042-04

Effect comparison of SIB-IMRT and SEQ-IMRT for the treatment of elderly patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer

WU Yang1 LI Liang1 YU Hong-min2

1.Department of Radiotherapy,Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College,Xuzhou 221002,China;2.Public Health of Xuzhou Medical College School,Xuzhou 221004,China

[Abstract] Objective To compare the radiotherapy effect between SIB-IMRT and SEQ-IMRT in treating elderly patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). Methods 56 Patients with LA-NSCLC from January 2010 to October 2014 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were randomly divided into treatment group (n=28) and control group (n=28).The control group were given SEQ-IMRT and the treatment group were given SIB-IMRT.Then the dosimetry of different parameters in radiotherapy plans,efficacy and acute toxicities between two groups was compared respectively. Results The BED of tumor target zone in treatment group was (95.3±4.7)Gy,significantly higher than that of (86.4±3.2)Gy in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).There were no statistically significant between two groups in target illuminated lung volume,mean lung dose,the maximum dose of spinal cord illuminated and heart illuminated volume(P>0.05).The total efficacy rate was 82.1% in treatment group and 46.4% in control group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05). Conclusion Comparing SIB-IMRT with SEQ IMRT in treating elderly LA-NSCLC,the former can obtain ideal dose distribution,increase the BED of tumor target zone,increase in the near future curative effect,but do not increase the surrounding organs threatening dose and acute toxicity.

[Key words] Non-small cell lung cancer;Radiotherapy;Intensity-modulated radiotherapy;Dosimetric

近年来,世界肺癌的发病率居男性恶性肿瘤首位。肺癌在我国的发病率和死亡率增长迅速,成为中国居民的主要死因之一。其中非小细胞肺癌占80%左右,局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(locally advanced non small cell lung cancer,LA-NSCLC)约占非小细胞肺癌的40%,其中超过50%的患者诊断时年龄>65岁。老年LA-NSCLC患者由于一般情况较差,合并疾病多等多种因素,手术、化疗多不能耐受,放射治疗是治疗老年LA-NSCLC的一种安全有效手段[1-3]。肺癌放疗后以原发肿瘤区内的复发率最高,高达65%,因而老年LA-NSCLC放疗过程中需要对肿瘤区域局部加量,以提高高复发区域的放疗剂量。本研究对同期加量调强放疗(simultaneous integrated boost intensity modulated radiotherapy,SIB-IMRT)与序贯加量调强放疗(sequantial boost intensity modulated radiotherapy,SEQ-IMRT)两种肿瘤加量方式进行了放疗剂量、近期疗效及急性毒副反应的比较。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选择2010年1月~2014年10月住院的56例患者,其中男性45例,女性11例,年龄65~87岁。入组标准:经病理学(纤维支气管镜活检)或细胞学(痰脱落细胞或肺穿刺细胞学)证实的ⅢA期或ⅢB期老年LA-NSCLC患者(UICC第7版分期标准),卡氏评分(KPS)>70分,血常规、肝、肾功能正常。将患者随机分为对照组(SEQ-IMRT组)28例和治疗组(SIB-IMRT组)28例。SIB-IMRT组中男24例,女4例;年龄65~78岁;鳞癌23例,腺癌5例;临床分期ⅢA期15例,ⅢB期13例。SEQ-IMRT组中男21例,女7例;年龄66~87岁;鳞癌16例,腺癌12例;临床分期ⅢA期17例,ⅢB期11例。两组患者的性别、年龄、病理类型、临床分期比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。

1.2 放射治疗

1.2.1 SIB-IMRT组靶体积的处方剂量 SIB-IMRT组在同一个计划内分别给予PTV、PGTV不同的分割剂量:1.8~2.0 Gy/f,处方剂量为52~66 Gy;2.1~2.5 Gy/f,处方剂量为65~76 Gy。

1.2.2 SEQ-IMRT组靶体积的处方剂量 SEQ-IMRT组常规分割照射,PTV给予2 Gy/f,处方剂量给予至50 Gy后缩野,至PGTV推量64~66 Gy。

1.2.3 IMRT计划确定标准 利用射野方向观(beameyeview,BEV)功能设计5~7个照射野,应用剂量体积直方图(dose volume histogram,DVH)和等剂量曲线,结合患者肺功能状态综合评价确定放疗计划。95%等剂量线覆盖PTV,其中脊髓≤45 Gy,接受20 Gy的肺体积≤25%全肺体积;食管最大剂量点≤60 Gy;接受40 Gy的心脏体积≤20%全心体积。

1.3 评价标准

1.3.1 治疗计划的评价 PGTV的生物等效剂量(bioequivalent dose,BED);适形指数(conformity index,CI),CI=(Vptv≥p/Vptv)×(Vptv≥p/Vp),其中Vptv≥p是指PTV内接受≥处方剂量的体积,Vptv是指PTV的体积,Vp是指处方剂量的等剂量线所包括的体积,CI越接近于1代表适形性越好;危及器官:肺选用健侧及患侧肺V5、V10、V20及肺平均受照剂量,脊髓和心脏选用脊髓最大剂量和心脏V40。

1.3.2 近期疗效及急性毒副反应评价 参照RECIST标准评价,分为完全缓解(CR)、部分缓解(PR)、疾病稳定(SD)和疾病进展(PD)。血液学毒性、食管和肺毒性评价标准参照NCICTC 3.0版(National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0)毒副作用评价标准。Ⅰ~Ⅳ级表示不同的评级,Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级表示不良反应程度很小,Ⅲ级以上表示有严重程度的不良反应。

1.4 统计学方法

采用SPSS 19.0统计软件对数据进行分析,计量资料以x±s表示,采用t检验,计数资料用百分率(%)表示,采用χ2检验,以P

2 结果

2.1 两组放疗计划不同参数剂量学的比较

SIB-IMRT和SEQ-IMRT两组放疗计划比较,前者的肿瘤靶区内BED明显高于后者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组靶区肺受照相关体积、肺平均受照剂量、脊髓受照最大剂量、心脏受照相关体积比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表1)。

表1 两组放疗计划不同参数剂量学的比较(x±s,n=28)

2.2 两组患者放疗近期疗效的比较

所有患者均顺利完成治疗。SIB-IMRT组总有效率(CR+PR)为82.1%(23/28),SEQ-IMRT组总有效率为46.4%(13/28),两组间总有效率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.778,P

表2 两组患者放疗近期疗效的比较(n)

与SEQ-IMRT组比较,χ2=7.778,*P

2.3 两组患者急性毒副反应的比较

两组均未发生Ⅲ级以上的毒副反应,两组患者放射性肺损伤、放射性食管炎、急性骨髓抑制比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表3)。

表3 两组患者急性毒副反应的比较[n(%)]

3 讨论

当前无手术适应证的LA-NSCLC标准的治疗手段是以放化疗为主的综合治疗,而老年LA-NSCLC患者,由于其肺功能和肾脏清除能力降低,骨髓造血功能减退,合并症多等因素,全身化疗多不能耐受[4-5]。但相比较化疗,肺癌患者放疗无需考虑年龄因素,不同年龄放疗后的生存情况并无差异[6],因而放射治疗是治疗老年LA-NSCLC的一种安全有效的手段[1]。

肺癌的总生存期和肿瘤局部控制率密切相关[7],肺癌放疗中存在明显的剂量-效应关系,放疗剂量与肿瘤局部控制率可随放疗剂量的增加而提高[8-9],然而Bradley等[10]对127例NSCLC患者行单纯放疗的疗效分析得到的结果与以上结论不相同,肿瘤控制率和患者生存期并未随放疗剂量的增加而提高。此研究中疗效未随剂量增加而提高的主要原因为随着总剂量的增加治疗时间也在延长,甚至超过了8周,此时肿瘤的加速再增殖掩盖了剂量增加的效应。鉴于以上事实,为提高肺癌的控制率,除应在不增加不良反应的同时不断增加放疗剂量,还应缩短总疗程。

传统的放疗局部加量多采用SEQ-IMRT技术,即采取常规分割方式,计划靶区与肿瘤靶区单次处方剂量一致,待预防剂量达到后再予缩野重新制订计划,肿瘤区域续予加量放疗。而SIB-IMRT技术应用一个计划,给予肿瘤靶区较高的剂量、预防照射区域较低的剂量,使肿瘤加量和预防照射在一个治疗计划实施中完成,较前者能够提高肿瘤靶区分次剂量而减少照射次数,缩短总的治疗时间,提高相对生物学效应,减少肿瘤后期加速再增殖的影响[11-12]。SIB-IMRT技术在头颈部肿瘤及前列腺癌已经得到广泛的应用[13-14],在胸部肿瘤,如食管癌、肺癌、乳腺癌中也有报道[15-18]。

本研究显示,SIB-IMRT组较SEQ-IMRT组,肿瘤靶区取得了更高的BED,同时未影响靶区适合度指数和危及器官受量等计划评价参数。SIB-IMRT组总有效率达82.1%,显著高于SEQ-IMRT组的46.4%(P

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(收稿日期:2015-03-16 本文编辑:王红双)

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