特定句型,固定时态

历年高考英语试题都会对动词的时态进行考查，在一些特定的句型结构中，有些时态是固定不变的。下面就考题中常见的几种句型时态作如下归纳，希望同学们从中得到启发。

一、by the time引导主从复合句时，如果从句动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时，那么主句动词通常用将来完成时；如果从句动词用一般过去时，那么主句动词通常用过去完成时。

1. By the time Jane gets home，her aunt _________ for London to attend a meeting.

A. will leave B. leaves

C. will have left D. left

2. By the time Jack returned home from England，his son _________ from college.

A. graduated B. has graduated

C. had been D. had graduated

参考答案：1. C 2. D

二、在“It / This+be+the+序数词+time+that从句”句型中，从句中的动词形式与前面主句中的be动词是对应的，即：若主句中be动词用is 或will be，则从句动词用现在完成时；若主句中be动词用was，则从句动词用过去完成时。句型“It / This+be+the+形容词最高级+名词+that从句”与此用法相似。

1. This is the first time that we _________ a film in the cinema together as a family.

A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen

2. It is the most instructive lecture that I _________ since I came to this school.

A .attended B. had attended

C. am attending D. have attended

参考答案：1. D 2. D

三、虚拟语气有两种特定句型，注意连词前后句中的动词形式：（1）主语+谓语（情态动词过去式+have done）+其他，but+主语+谓语（过去式）+其他；（2）主语+谓语（过去式）+其他，otherwise+主语+谓语（情态动词过去式+have done）+其他。

1. Bob would have helped us yesterday，but he _________.

A. was busy B. is busy

C. had been busy D. will be busy

2. We lost our way in that small village，otherwise we _________ more places of interest yesterday.

A. visited B. had visited

C. would visit D. would have visited

参考答案：1. A 2. D

四、if引导虚拟语气时，若主句动词使用“情态动词过去式+have done”形式，则if从句中的动词要用had done形式。

1. If we _________ adequate preparations，the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.

A. haven’t made B. wouldn’t make

C. didn’t make D. hadn’t made

2. We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _________ us a ride home.

A. didn’t offer B. wouldn’t offer

C. hasn’t offered D. hadn’t offered

参考答案：1. D 2. D

五、在but for/without引导的含蓄虚拟语气中，主句中的谓语动词通常用“情态动词过去式+have done”形式，表示对过去的虚拟。

1. But for the help of my English teacher，I _________ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.

A. would not win B. would not have won

C. would win D. would have won

2. I _________ through that bitter period without your generous help.

A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go

C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone

参考答案：1. B 2. A

六、在“It is+high/about+time+that从句”句型中，从句动词通常用一般过去时或should do形式（should不可以省略）。

1. Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he _________ something instead of just talking.

A. will do B. has done C. do D. did

2. It is about time that Ms. Lee _________ her daughter to play the violin.

A. will send B. sent C. has sent D. had sent

参考答案：1. D 2. B

七、在表示“原以为”含义时，通常用句型“I / we thought+that从句”。如果表示“原本打算做某事，而事实上没有做”，那么谓语动词通常使用plan/intend/ mean/want等动词的过去完成式。

1. ―I’ve got to go now.

―Must you？ I _________ you could stay for dinner with us.

A. think B. thought

C. have thought D. am thinking

2. Jack _________ to participate in his former girlfriend’s wedding party last night，but his mother didn’t allow him to go out alone.

A. planned B. would plan

C. has planned D. had planned

参考答案：1. B 2. D

【跟踪训练】

1. ―Hurry up！ Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.

―Oh！ I _________ they had gone without me.

A. think B. am thinking

C. have thought D. thought

2. We _________ the difficulty together，but why didn’t you tell me？

A. should face B. might face

C. could have faced D. must have faced

3. Oh，Mum. It is about time that Alice _________ to the school.

A. was sent B. is sent

C. will send D. would send

4. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _________ from the university next year.

A. will graduate B. will have graduated

C. graduates D. is to graduate

5. It was the third time that I _________ her sing in public last month.

A. heard B. had heard

C. have heard D. had been heard

6. We _________ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.

A. will put B. will have put

C. would put D. would have put

参考答案：1～6 DCACBD（责任编校 彭益）