have to和must用法之我见

时间:2022-06-30 03:45:48

在新目标英语中出现了have to和must的诸多用法,部分同学可能会混淆,在此谈一下二者的用法区别,仅供参考。must与have to 是两个常用的情态动词,两词后面都接动词原形。但:

1.must和have to均可表示“必须”,但must表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事,have to却表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。二者通常可以互换,但强调的意义不一样。如:

Students must/ have to work hard at their study .学生应该努力学习。

We must/ have to help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。

My sister is ill,I have to/ must look after her. 我妹妹病了,我不得不照看她。

My pen is broken,I have to/ must buy a new one.我的钢笔坏了,我不得不买新的。

2.must一般没有人称和时态的变化,而have to常有人称和时态的变化。如:

She must go to school every day.她必须每天去上学。

Lily has to go to bed by 10:00. Lily不得不10:00以前去睡觉。

It rained yesterday,we had to stay at home.昨天下了雨,我们不得不呆在家里。

3.含must的句子变成一般疑问句只需将must提前,而含have to的句子变一般疑问句得在句首添do的相应形式。如:

Must I go now? 我必须走了吗?

Do you have to do it now? 你必须现在做吗?

Does Han Mei have to go to the Palace Museum to practice the guitar? Han Mei必须要到少年宫去练吉他吗?

Did they have to do homework after school?他们必须课后做作业吗?

4.must的否定式是在其后直接加not,并常缩写成mustn't的形式,表示绝对“禁止”,而have to的否定方式,常用don't / doesn't / didn't have to的方式表示否定,表示“不必”,相当于needn’t.如:

You mustn't make any noise in class.上课时你们不许吵闹。

You don't have to water the flowers . For it is going to rain.你们不必浇花了,因为要下雨了。

He doesn't have to go to school today.他今天不必上学了。

5.以must引起的疑问句,肯定回答用Yes,…must. have to句型的肯定回答为Yes,…do/does/did.二者的否定回答都通常用needn't或don't/doesn't/didn’t have to,意为"不必"。如:

-Must I clean the classroom?/ Do I have to clean the classroom?我必须打扫教室吗?

-Yes, you must./Yes,you do.(No, you needn't/No, you don't have to.)是的,你必须(不,不必了)。

6.must可以表示坚定的建议,还可以表示推测,暗含有很大的可能性,而have to没有这些用法,如:

You must come and see us as soon as you get to Shanghai.一到上海你一定得马上来看我们。

You must be tired after working so long .你工作这么久以后,肯定累了吧。

Your sister must be a doctor in this hospital.你姐姐一定是这家医院的医生。

7.在"You must..."句中,它的意思与祈使句相同,而have to没有这些用法。如:

You must come here early.=Come here early!早点来这儿!

You must hurry up!=Hurry up!你必须快点!

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