Translational Medicine and Personnel Training

Abstract. How to train the senior inter-disciplinary medical personnel who possess high-level clinical diagnosis skills and powerful ability in exploration and innovation and also can process the key clinical problems through fundamental scientific research and guide clinical practices has been proven to the mainstream of the current social development. For a long term， there is a problem in the training of China's medical students that the students in clinical medicine know well clinical knowledge， but are rather weak in the consciousness of clinical scientific research； the students in preclinical medicine attach high importance to clinical scientific research， but do not recognize clinical knowledge. This situation will certainly affect the development of medical science in China in the future. However， opportunities are provided by the emergence of translational medicine for the training of medical personnel in China. In this paper， the relationship between translational medicine and personnel training and the importance of translational medicine are introduced from three aspects （i.e. the significance and advantages of translational medicine for personnel training， the requirements of translational medicine on educational reform in personnel training， and the role of translational medicine in promoting the scientific research ability of personnel）.

Keywords： Translational Medicine； Personnel； Educational Reform； Scientific Research Innovation

Along with the continuous expansion of health education in China， training ability has been gradually increased， and also the quality of personnel is steadily improved. However， the management system at present makes personnel training mode significantly divorced from the demands of society： the students in clinical medicine are in shortage of the real clinical practice skills， and the scientific research results of the students in preclinical medicine are kept at the publishing of papers， thus divorcing from the clinical practical application. The proposal of translational medicine was a great medical revolution in the history of human medical science [1]. Translational medicine） is also known as the translational research and refers to the two-way translational research of "from laboratory to hospital beds" and "from hospital beds to laboratory". Translational medicine is dedicated to making up the gap between the fundamental experiment research and development and the clinical application， and also is called as a continuous process of "from laboratory to hospital beds" [2].

1. Significance and Advantages of Translational Medicine for Personnel Training

1.1. The ability of students to cross the gap between the fundamental experiment research and development and the clinical application can be trained with translational medicine education

Translational medicine attaches high importance to the close connection between fundamental research and clinical application， but makes theory and practice integrated together in essence， and fundamentals and clinical science combined together.

Liping Han et al [3] think that translational medicine attaches high importance to the clinical feasibility of research results， and thus students can be guided to focus on patients and discover and raise questions from clinical work. Yonghao Gui [4] thinks that it is necessary for clinical researchers to observe the progress and characteristics of disease and provide feedback suggestions to promote fundamental researches， and then fundamental research personnel carry out an in-depth research and then rapidly translate the fundamental scientific research results to clinical application. At the same time， under the guidance of translational medicine idea， high importance should be attached to agglutinating subjects from clinical practices. In this way， the consciousness of medical students in proceeding from the reality can combining theory with the practice can be trained， thus making the ability in fundamental research and clinical application combined.

1.2. Team work spirit of medical students can be trained with translational medicine education

Translational medicine lays a stress on starting from the initial stage of research and allowing professional personnel of different subjects to carry out team work at one platform for rapidly making scientific research results become technology， product or method which can be applied in clinical practices. The innovation-oriented personnel proposed in this paper are necessary to make thinking and practice innovative based on the concept of translational medicine.

1.3. Experimental research platform can be established for interdisciplinary science with translational medicine

Advanced experimental research platform is also a necessary condition for the implementation of translational medicine research. With the establishment of experimental platform， students in preclinical medicine are promoted to know and attach higher importance to clinical knowledge， and also the opportunities are provided for the students in clinical medicine to enter fundamental research bases and know the current situation of fundamental research. Thus， students in both sides can be promoted to constantly know well the work environment and work tasks of the other side. At present， translational medicine research center has been established by a great number of colleges and universities at home and abroad， in which personnel， equipment and technology resources are integrated as a whole， and also the efficiency and speed of the translation between fundamental research and clinical practice can be greatly improved.

2. Requirements of Translational Medicine on Educational Reform in Personnel Training

2.1. Translational medicine requires improving teaching contents and methods

The stage of fundamental courses is relatively boring for medical students， in which students are passive to receive education and very low in initiative learning. Translational medicine is a cross fusion of multiple subjects， multi-level， micro and macro， static and dynamic states， structure and function， physiology and pathology， prevention and treatment， and humanity and science. Therefore， to promote students to enhance their understanding of different subject areas， it is necessary to train the ability of students to digest knowledge through a comprehensive study and use the concept of translational medicine to actively improve teaching contents and methods. At the same time， the subjects， which are helpful for the training of translational ability of students， can be added； the contents of elective courses can be optimized； the comprehensive laboratory integrating multiple subjects can be set for improving experiments and， and the consciousness in guiding clinical practices with theory knowledge can be increased [5].

2.2. Translational medicine requires paying attention to the construction of subjects

Subjects are the foundation of medical education； the construction of subjects is the lifeline for medical colleges and universities to keep a foothold and attain a development， and the construction level can directly reflect the whole educational quality and academic status of a school. Therefore， the emergence of translational medicine points out a clear direction for the development of subjects： it is necessary to meet the needs of medical development， social development， and human health.

2.3. Translational medicine requires constructing a teaching staff for translational medicine

The translation of the concept of teaching staff training is an important premise for training inter-disciplinary medical personnel under the translational medicine mode. Inter-disciplinary medical teachers are called by translational medicine. For this reason， it is necessary to improve the whole scientific research and guiding ability by starting from the construction of supervisor team and especially allow the graduate student supervisors in medical science to firmly keep their historical mission and social responsibility in minds； on the basis of scientific research projects， it is necessary to focus on the clinical needs and closely combine the construction of subjects with the development needs of the future society， thus making an improvement to the ability of students in independent innovation， independent thinking and practical ability [6].

3. The Role of Translational Medicine in Promoting the Scientific Research Ability of Personnel

3.1. Arousing interest in science through the concept of translational medicine

At present， medical research in China is mainly divided into fundamental research and clinical research. The objective of the medicine of fundamental research is to train the medical personnel with powerful scientific research ability； the objective of the medicine of clinical research is to train senior application-oriented clinical doctors who are proficient in the clinical skills of their specialties and attach importance the training of clinical ability [7]. How to train the medical personnel not only with excellent clinical diagnosis and treatment skills and also with powerful exploration and innovation ability is the real purpose of the translational medicine. Therefore， in this concept， it is necessary to arouse the interest of medical students in science.

3.2. Improving the innovation ability of medical students by relying on the scientific research team established based on translational medicine

On the National Science and Technology Conference， Jiang Zemin points out that innovation is the soul of a national progress and the inexhaustible motive force for the prosperity of a nation； if the independent innovation ability can be increased and high technologies blindly rely on technical introduction， it is always difficult to get rid of the backward technological situation； a nation without innovation ability is difficult to stand tall in the world's advanced nations". Therefore， it can be seen that the innovation ability has a direct impact on the future and development prospect of a whole country and a nation. Scientific research cooperation and tackling key problems through team work have changed into the inherent requirements of science and technology research activities under the modern social production conditions. Students should be encouraged to join such a scientific research team and get involved in it， and then they can take initiative to take part in the researches of fundamental exploratory subjects and also their practical ability in the innovative thinking and solving practical problems can be trained [8].

4. Conclusion

From above analysis， in the development of medical science in the 21the century， translational medicine will certainly play a very important role. As all countries in the world attach high importance to translational medicine， it is necessary for use to seize the opportunity and fully understand the intensions of translational medicine， strengthen the consciousness of medical students in translational medicine， and increase the integration of subjects and the interdisciplinary research and cooperation of multiple subjects.

From the perspective of translational medicine personnel training， it is necessary to make a change to existing teaching contents， methods， and teams and simultaneously attach high importance to scientific research interest and innovation ability of medical personnel. Only in this way， inter-disciplinary medical personnel with clinical practices and scientific research are trained.

References

[1] Faming Chen. Guiding Medical Graduate Student Education with Translational Medicine [J]. Chinese Journal of Conservative Dentistry， 2011， 12（11）： 664-668.

[2] Peng Zhang， Ling Qin. Translational medicine： the bridge between Preclinical Medicine and Clinical Medical Practice [J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine， 2010， 26（18）：3277-3279.

[3] Liping Han， Chongbin Liu， Yongsheng Gong. Discussion on the Implementation of Translational Medicine in Medical Graduate Students [J]. China Higher Medical Education， 2009， 3：115-116.