Study on Tourism Poverty Alleviation Comparison Benefit and Development Path in

Abstract: Tourism poverty alleviation has its powerful radiation effect, substantial economic benefits, good ecological environment benefit and social benefit, which has obvious comparison advantages. There are many restrictive factors in the tourism poverty alleviation development process in national poverty areas: the leading role of the government is not clear; the farmers can not share the tourism development result, and the human resource quality in national areas is not high, and the protection for ecological environment and folk culture is not enough. Thus, it puts forward tourism poverty alleviation development strategy in national areas: clearing the leading position of government; coordinating the benefit distribution of tourism enterprises and poverty population; improving the quality of poverty population; enhancing the environmental protection consciousness, protecting ecological environment and folk custom culture and promote sustainable development.

Keywords: poverty area; tourism poverty alleviation; development path;

Due to historical reason, the geographical position of minority areas in China is relatively remote, and the economic development level is lower. However, the national poverty areas normally contain rich tourism resource, long history of ancient culture, special national customs, colorful natural landscape, which provides excellent premise conditions for the tourism industry in the area. Tourism poverty alleviation is used as an innovation poverty alleviation form, which plays an increasing role and opens a brand new channel for poverty alleviation. Tourism poverty alleviation has an important significance for the future development of minority poverty areas and undeveloped areas in China.

1. Comparison Benefit Analysis of Tourism Poverty Alleviation in National Poverty Areas

The government pays attention to the economic development and poverty alleviation work of minority poverty areas in China, which implements a lot of poverty alleviation projects and obtains great achievement. Relevant department and government of China take an active part in poverty alleviation work, conducting a lot of relevant poverty alleviation plans of taking tourism industry promoting economical poverty areas rich, which has accumulated rich experience. Various practices prove that compared with other poverty alleviation mode, tourism poverty alleviation has more powerful radiation effect and more substantial economic benefits, better ecological environmental benefit and social benefit, which is nothing comparable to other poverty alleviation modes.

(1)Tourism poverty alleviation economic benefit is higher, which is good for national poverty areas to realize the transition from transfusion economy to hematopoietic economy.

From tourism industry development angle, some minority poverty areas have rich tourism resources, and the tourism industry is one of the competition advantage industries in national poverty areas. Compared with much industrial and agricultural investment amount and great market risk, tourism poverty alleviation input has greater comparison advantage and input output rate, which has good economic return.

(2)Tourism poverty alleviation employment effect is higher, which is good for alleviating the employment pressure in national poverty areas.

According to relevant material statistics, investment tourism industry creating employment aspect is three times of investment hardware industry and five times of electrical industry. The world tourism organization thinks that tourism industry enhances a direct employment staff, it can create 5 more employment opportunities for the society. We can see that the tourism industry development provides vast rising space for solving and implementing re-employment project in national poverty areas.

(3)Tourism poverty alleviation ecological benefit is the best, which is good for realizing the sustainable development of national poverty areas of the economical society.

The tourism industry is called smokeless industry, which is the smallest industry of ecological environment contradiction. The appropriate tourism development will promote ecological environment construction and achieve the ecological environment protection. On one hand, the tourism development brings social economic benefit for the local place. Some residents release from the land, reducing the natural obtaining. On the other hand, in developing tourism process, it strengthens the environmental awareness of tourists, tourism place residents and the tourism operators, making ecological environment protection construction become the conscious action of people.

(4)Tourism poverty alleviation extraversion is strong, which is good for promoting the national poverty areas from closed to open.

When the tourism resource of minority national poverty area is good for attracting the residents in economic developed areas, these tourists are obviously are external stimulations for local tourism in local consumption. This stimulation is not only a promotion for local tourism industry development, but also a promotion for the local social economic society development because of the relevance of tourism industry.

2. The Restrictive Factors of Tourism Poverty Alleviation Development in National Poverty Areas

(1)The leading role of government is not clear, which is not good for industry’s rapid development.

As regional tourism resource managers of the government department, they should fabricate the planning and target of tourism development. Through the relevant laws and regulations, it can provide policy guarantee for tourism resource development. This is the responsibility and mission of government department in tourism poverty alleviation development, but some leaders understand it as “government leading”, “government dominated”, “government main finance”.

(2)In the weak position tourism area, farmers can not share the achievement of tourism development.

On one hand, the poverty population basically has no savings, even if the local place implements the tourism poverty alleviation development, this poverty population can not start because of lacking of necessary fund, and they can not afford to rent a shop, can not open a family hotel, souvenir shop and don’t do transport. On the other hand, the poverty population of poverty areas generally has low quality, weak market consciousness, lacks of initiative of getting rid of poverty, and the dependence idea is serious. Thus, the poverty population doesn’t have the strength of peer cooperation with investors, which is in a passive position.

(3)The population quality in national area is not high and it lacks of tourism professional talents and training institutes.

The national poverty area is restricted by education, and the general cultural quality is not high. By taking Sichuan Liangshan Yi nationality autonomous state, the illiterate or semiliterate, primary school, junior middle school education level accounts for the culture of human resources in rural areas for 92.3%, and the high school, junior college and above cultural degree accounts for 7.7% of the rural human resources.

At the same time, the current tourism human resource in national district is not in size, and the structure is single.

(4) The protection of ecological environment and folk culture is not sufficient, and the environmental protection consciousness is weak, pursuing short-term benefit and lacking of sustainable development.

The tourism resource in national areas is relatively rich, but the tourism economic growth is used as an important index of evaluating poverty alleviation work. In order to realize the rapid development of tourism industry, it pursues short-term benefits, ignoring the overall social cultural benefit and environmental ecological benefit.

3. Tourism Poverty Alleviation Development Path and Measures in National Poverty Areas

(1)Clearing Government’s leading position and reasonably leading the development of tourism poverty alleviation work.

The government should establish a set of index system of evaluating tourism poverty alleviation effect. Compared with important tourism development decision, it should fully consider the benefit of poverty population, in order to reduce the various influences of poverty population. In addition, government should also combine various poverty alleviation measures and tourism poverty alleviation for mutual promotion, in order to achieve better poverty alleviation effect.

(2)Coordinating the benefit distribution of tourism enterprise and poverty population

For government, tourism enterprise participating in tourism poverty alleviation is from the consideration of economic benefit purpose. Although it is in order to establish good enterprise image or please the surrounding society, tourism enterprises are possible to give some preferential for poverty population, yet the poverty alleviation support is still not enough. Government should use a certain measures to adjust the benefit distribution of tourism enterprise and poverty population.

(3) Improving the comprehensive quality of poverty population and establishing talent cultivation and introduction mechanism.

Tourism poverty alleviation achieving the expected effect greatly depends on the participation awareness and ability of poverty population, because only through poverty people’s efforts, they can truly change their backward poverty life.

Talent shortage is one of the main bottlenecks of tourism industry development in national poverty areas. When the national areas conduct tourism poverty alleviation work, it should also do the following points: first, increasing the intensity to introduce the foreign and domestic tourism industry talents, giving the relevant professional high-end management talents and scarce talent supporting policies; second, cooperating with enterprise and colleges in this area, constructing stable tourism staff training system, introducing new education concept and cultivating mode and qualified tourism talents; third, scientifically allocating tourism human resources, fabricating the incentive policies of tourism talents, improving the tourism talent structure.

(4)Enhancing environmental awareness, protecting ecological environment and folk cultural environment and promoting sustainable development

Tourism poverty alleviation development should protect ecological environment in the first place, developing various tourism resources in the protection premise, strengthening the protection in development, conducting reasonable development, strengthening management, against any sacrifice resource to exchange for economic prosperity.

4. Conclusion

Tourism developing national regional economy is the goal of developing national poverty area tourism. Tourism development is the promoter of urban and rural integration, which is an important measure of establishing socialist new countryside. Tourism poverty alleviation development should make full use of tourism industry relevance strong feature. It takes mass as the core, leading them to do long industry chain, and play the promoting role of tourism relevance industry, which makes tourism industry become the good carrier of national area masses rich, good form of structure adjustment, good path of transferring rural surplus labor force, good measure of farmers increasing income and new innovation of socialist countryside construction. The natural humanistic landscape in national areas in China, with rich tourism resources, is the favorable conditions of tourism poverty alleviation development.

Acknowledgement

Fund project: Xichang College funded science and research project (No: XS1201)

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