新目标英语七年级(下)重、难点讲解(Units 8~10)

时间:2022-05-14 05:09:14

新目标英语七年级(下)重、难点讲解(Units 8~10)

Unit 8 I’d like some noodles.

1. ―What kind of noodles would you like? 你想要哪种面条?

―I’d like beef noodles,please. (P48) 我想要牛肉面。

1) “What (Which) kind of ...?”意为“哪一种……?”,常用来询问事物或人的类属。例如:

What kind of tree is it? 这是什么种类的树?

What kind of man is he? 他是哪种类型的人?

What kind of food do you like? 你喜欢哪种食品?

注意: What kind of后跟可数名词单数时,名词前不用冠词。

2) ‘d like (= would like)意为“想要;愿意”,与want的意思相同,但语气比want更加委婉,多用于口语中,而且常用在would like something,would like to do something或would like somebody to do something等结构中。注意:不可以说would like doing something。 例如:

I would like a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。

We would like to go. 我们愿意去。

I would like you to meet my parents. 我想让你去接我的父母。

注意: “Would you like something?”的肯定答语为“Yes,please/All right/OK.”; 否定答语为“No,thanks.”。 例如:

―Would you like some milk? 你想要些牛奶吗?

―Yes,please. 是的,谢谢。

―Would you like some apples? 你想要些苹果吃吗?

―No,thanks. 不要了,谢谢。

2. What size bowl of noodles would he like? (P48) 他想要多大碗的面条?

what size意为“多大的”、“多大尺寸的”、“什么号码的”等,用来询问物体的大小或尺码。其中size是名词,意为“尺寸;大小”。它既可表示物体的大小,又可表示服装、鞋帽等的尺码。例如:

―What size shoes would you like? 你要多大号的鞋?

―I’d like size 7. 我要7号的。

3. Can I help you? (P49) 你想要什么?

“Can I help you?”是商店、餐馆、书店的服务员常用的礼貌用语,用来询问顾客需要什么,相当于“What can I do for you?”。 注意:这句话在不同的场合有不同的译法。在饭店里用时,这句话意为“你想吃点什么?”,在商店里用时,则意为“你要买些什么?”。因此,不能将其一成不变地译成“我能帮忙吗?”。例如:

―Can I help you,sir? 先生,你需要什么?

―I’d like a dictionary. 我想买一本字典。

―Can I help you? 你想吃点什么?

―I’d like a piece of bread. 请来一块面包。

4. Take an order for noodles. (P49) 订购面条。

“take an order for ...”意为“订购……”。 order用作可数名词时,作“订购;订货”解,还可指“一份(菜)”。例如:

He wants to take an order for a new suit. 他想订购一套新西装。

I’d like an order of fish. 我要一份鱼。

May I take your order,please? 请问你要点什么?

5. I like dumplings,fish and orange juice. (P50) 我喜欢饺子、鱼和橘子汁。

I don’t like onions,green tea or porridge. (P50) 我不喜欢洋葱,也不喜欢绿茶和粥。

and与or比较:

两者都可用作并列连词,但它们的用法却不一样。在肯定陈述句中,各并列成分之间一般用and连接;在否定陈述句中,各并列成分之间一般用or连接。例如:

He can speak French and English. 他会说法语和英语。

He can’t speak French or English. 他不会说法语,也不会说英语。

如果句中有三个或三个以上的并列成分,则and或or只连接最后两个成分,前面各并列成分之间用逗号隔开。例如:

I like chicken,beef and meat. 我喜欢鸡肉、牛肉和猪肉。

I don’t like chicken,beef or meat. 我不喜欢鸡肉、牛肉和猪肉。

注意:在否定句中,如果两个并列成分之前都有否定词,则两个并列成分之间要用and而不用or。 例如:

I have no pens and no pencils. (= I have no pens or pencils.) 我没有钢笔,也没有铅笔。

6. Special 2 is only RMB 8 for 15. (P51) 特价二,原价15元现价只售8元。

1) special 用作名词时,意为“特价;大减价”; on special意为“以特价出售”。例如:

Ice cream is on special this week only. 冰淇淋以特价出售,仅限本周。

2) 介词for在此意为“换”,表示等价、交换等。例如:

I bought the book for 6 dollars. 我用6元钱买了这本书。

7. We also have orange juice and green tea. (P51) 我们也有橘子汁和绿茶。

also意为“也”,出现在肯定句中时,常位于行为动词之前,be动词之后。如果句中有助动词或情态动词,则把also放在助动词或情态动词之后。例如:

He also works in that factory. 他也在那家工厂工作。

I can also tell you a story. 我也可以给你讲个故事。

She is also good at Japanese. 他也擅长日语。

巩固练习: 用and或or填空。

1) We learn dancing,singing______ drawing.

2) He has not any brothers______ sisters.

3) There is no food______ no fire in the room.

4) The old man can’t read______ write.

Key: 1) and 2) or 3) and 4) or

Unit 9 How was your weekend?

1. Well,on Saturday morning,I played tennis. (P53) 噢,周六上午,我打网球了。

1) on,in与at比较:

on表示在具体的某一天或某一天的早上/下午/晚上。例如: on Sunday(在星期天),on his birthday(在他生日的那天),on a cold winter morning(在一个寒冬的早上),on Monday evening(在星期一晚上),on the afternoon of October 1st(在10月1日下午)

in表示在哪一年/季/月,在早上/下午/傍晚。例如: in spring(在春天),in 2007(在2007年),in May(在五月),in the morning/afternoon/evening(在上午/下午/晚上)

at表示在某一时刻或用在某些固定的短语中。例如: at 8: 00(在八点),at night(在晚上),at midnight(在午夜),at noon(在中午)

表达“周末”,英国人用at the weekend,美国人用on the weekend。

2) 动词play后面跟表示球类运动的名词(此类名词前不用冠词)时,意为“打”、“踢”。例如:

He likes playing football. 他喜欢踢足球。

Come and play basketball. 来打篮球吧。

play后面跟表示乐器的名词(此类名词前要加定冠词)时,意为“弹”、“拉”、“演奏”等。例如:

He is playing the piano in the room. 他在房间里弹钢琴。

She is good at playing the guitar. 她擅长弹吉它。

2. What about your friend,Carol? (54) 你的朋友卡罗尔呢?

“What about ...? (= How about ...?)” 用来询问某人或某事的有关情况,也可用来向对方提出建议或征求意见,后跟名词、代词或动词的⁃ing形式。例如:

―What about going to the movies? 去看电影怎么样?

―Good idea! 好主意!

I went to the farm yesterday. What about you? 我昨天去农场了,你呢?

3. ―How was your weekend,Li Ming? 你周末过得怎么样,李明?

―It was great! (P55) 太棒了!

“How was your weekend?”中的how为副词,表示“(方式、方法)怎样、怎么”等。例如:

How is her life? (= What is her life like?) 她的生活怎么样?

4. How did kids spend the weekend? (P57) 孩子们是怎样过周末的?

spend是及物动词,意为“度过;消磨时间”,也可作“用(钱);花费”解。它的主语通常是表示人的名词或代词,常出现在“spend time/money on something”或“spend time/money (in) doing something”结构中。例如:

She spent two hours (in) writing the letter. 她写这封信花了两个小时。

Our teacher spends a lot of money on books every year. 我们的老师每年都花很多钱买书。

5. I practiced my guitar. (P57) 我练习弹吉他了。

practice意为“练习;实践”,用作及物动词,后跟名词、代词或动词的⁃ing形式,但其后不可跟动词不定式。例如:

You must practice it every day. 你每天都得练习。

They often practice speaking English among themselves. 他们经常相互练习说英语。

试译:他每天早上练习拉小提琴。

误: He practices to play the violin every morning.

正: He practices playing the violin every morning.

6. On Saturday evening,seven kids watched a movie or stayed at home and watched TV. (P57) 周六晚上,七个孩子去看电影或者呆在家里看电视了。

stay与 live比较:

stay意为“暂住;停留;呆(短期逗留)”。例如:

They stay at home on Sundays. 他们星期天呆在家里。

Yesterday I stayed in the hotel. 昨天我呆在旅馆里没出来。

live意为“居住;生活”。例如:

―Where do you live? 你住在哪里?

―I live in Paris. 我住在巴黎。

His parents live in the countryside,and they live happily. 他的父母住在农村,过得很幸福。

live后面可跟同源宾语life,而stay却没有这种用法。例如:

They are living a happy life. 他们正过着幸福的生活。

7. Last month,he went for a walk with Wang Wang,his cute dog. (P58) 上个月,他与他可爱的小狗汪汪去散步。

go for a walk意为“去散步”,相当于take a walk。 例如:

Let’s go for a walk after supper. 晚饭后咱们去散步吧。

Do you often go for a walk with your child? 你经常带孩子去散步吗?

8. He sat down and watched Wang Wang play with a friendly black cat. 他坐下来看汪汪和一只友善的黑猫玩耍。

watch意为“看;注视”,后面常跟“名词/代词 + 不带to的动词不定式”构成的复合宾语。例如:

She likes to watch children play. 她喜欢看孩子们玩。

We watched the sun sink behind the hills. 我们看着太阳下了山。

I watched them get into the car. 我看着他们上了车。

9. Then it was time to go home. 该回家了。

“It’s time to do something.”意为“是该做……的时候了”,相当于“It’s time for something.”,两者通常可以互换使用。例如:

It’s time to go to school. (= It’s time for school.) 该上学了。

It’s time to have supper. (= It’s time for supper.) 该吃晚饭了。

表示“某人该做某事了”,可以用“It’s time for somebody to do something”句式。例如:

It’s time for us to get up. 我们该起床了。

10. He has no dog and no family. (P58) 他没有了狗,也没有了家庭。

no用作形容词,意为“没有”。 no修饰可数名词单数时,相当于not a(an); no修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数时,相当于not any。例如:

There are no classes (= not any classes) this afternoon. 今天下午没有课。

I have no bread (= not any bread). 我没有面包。

no后面的名词可以用单数形式,也可以用复数形式。例如:

I have no brother(s). 我没有兄弟。

注意:如果名词前面已有a,the,much,any,all,every等限定词,则应该在这些词前面用not而不用no。 例如:

I have not much time. 我没有充足的时间。

no也可用作副词,用来对一般疑问句作否定回答,与yes相对。例如:

―Do you like the film? 你喜欢这部电影吗?

―No,I don’t. 不,我不喜欢。

11. He doesn’t want to do anything. (P58) 他什么也不想做。

anything意为“任何事;无论何事”,常用在否定句和疑问句中。 not ... anything相当于nothing。 例如:

I didn’t do anything yesterday. 昨天我什么也没做。

Can I do anything for you? 我能帮你点什么忙吗?

Is there anything for her here? 这儿有什么东西给她吗?

巩固练习:

1. 用stay或live填空。

1) He______ there for half an hour.

2) My uncle______ in the city

3) Which animal______ only in China?

4) How about______ for supper?

2. 用at,in或on填空。

1) Some birds fly away to the south______ winter.

2) See you______ Monday morning.

3) It was______ a hot afternoon______ January.

4) I will meet you outside______ a quarter to eight.

5) I’d like to visit her______ the evening of May 10th.

6) We usually go to the park______ the weekend.

Key: 1. 1) stayed 2) lives 3) lives 4) staying

2. 1) in 2) on 3) on,in 4) at 5) on 6) at/on

Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation?

1. It was sunny and hot all day. (P63) 那是一个大晴天,一整天都很热。

1) it用来指代天气。例如:

I’m afraid it is going to rain. 恐怕天要下雨了。

It is very cold today. 今天天气很冷。

2) all day意为“整天;全天”。例如:

He is very busy all day. 他整天都很忙。

The shop is open all day. 这家商店全天营业。

all与表示时间的单数名词连用时,意为“全;整个”。类似的短语有: all night(整夜),all afternoon(整个下午),all that day(那天一整天),all day yesterday(昨天一整天),all that summer(那年整个夏天)

2. We had great fun playing in the water. (P63) 我们在水中玩得非常开心。

have fun doing something为固定搭配,意为“做……有乐趣”。 have great fun doing something意为“做……有很大乐趣”,have no fun doing something表示“做……没有乐趣”。例如:

We have fun learning English. 我们愉快地学习英语。

It is no fun to go climbing. 去爬山一点乐趣也没有。

3. The shops are too crowded,so I didn’t really enjoy it. (P63) 商店里太拥挤,所以我玩得不开心。

1) too是副词,意为“太;过分”,用来修饰形容词或副词。例如:

The box is too heavy. I can’t carry it. 这只箱子太重,我提不起来。

Don’t walk too fast. 不要走得太快。

2) crowded意为“拥挤的;挤满(了)的;充满(了)的”,既可用作定语,也可用作表语。例如:

This is a crowded house. 这间屋子里挤满了人。

The bus is very crowded. 那辆公共汽车很拥挤。

注意:表示“交通拥挤”可以用heavy/busy traffic,但不能用crowded traffic。

4. I found a small boy crying in the corner. (P63) 我发现一个小男孩在角落里哭。

1) find somebody doing something意为“发现某人正在做某事”。例如:

He found lots of people already working there. 他发现很多人已经在那里干活了。

I found the boy smoking in the room. 我发现那男孩在房间里吸烟。

2) in the corner of是介词短语,意为“在……角落”。例如:

There is a chair in the corner of the room. 屋子墙角有一把椅子。

5. That made me feel very happy. (P63) 那使我感到非常愉快。

1) make为使役动词,常用于make somebody do something结构中,意为“让某人做某事”,do something是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如:

The boss made him work twelve hours a day when he was fifteen. 他15岁时,老板要他每天工作12个小时。

The teacher made us read the text aloud. 老师让我们朗读课文。

My parents often make me do housework. 我父母经常要我做家务。

2) feel是连系动词,意为“觉得;感觉”,后接形容词作表语。例如:

Can we open the window? I feel hot. 我们可以打开窗户吗?我感到热。

I am not feeling very well now. 我现在感到身体不舒服。

6. He was lost and I helped him find his father. (P63) 他迷路了,我帮他找到了他父亲。

1) lost意为“丢失的;失踪的;迷路的”。例如:

Yesterday his bike was lost. 昨天他的自行车不见了。

The girl was lost and she couldn’t find her house. 那女孩迷路了,找不到家了。

2) help somebody do something意为“帮助某人做某事”,也可以说成help somebody to do something。 例如:

Will you help me (to) repair the pen? 你能帮我修一下钢笔吗?

She often helps me (to) look after my baby. 她经常帮助我照看孩子。

Please help us (to) carry these boxes. 请帮助我们提这些箱子吧。

动词help还常用于help somebody with something结构中,意为“在……方面帮助……”。例如:

She often helps me with my English. 她经常帮我学英语。

John asked me to help him with his lessons this evening. 约翰要我今天晚上帮他复习功课。

7. Today the weather was cool,so we decided to play tennis. (P63) 今天天气凉爽,因此我们决定去打网球。

weather意为“天气”,是不可数名词,用作主语时,谓语动词应为单数形式。例如:

If the weather is fine tomorrow,we’ll go for an outing. 如果明天天气好的话,我们就出去游玩。

动词decide意为“决定”,后接动词不定式作宾语。例如:

We decided to go to Shanghai on vacation. 我们决定去上海度假。

It’s raining,so Kate decides to stay at home all day. 天正在下雨,因此凯特决定一整天都呆在家里。

8. I just didn’t want to go out. (P64) 我只是不想出去。

1) just是副词,意为“仅仅;刚刚;只是”。例如:

It is just 12 o’clock. 刚好12点。

He’s just an ordinary man. 他仅仅是个普通人。

2) go out意为“出去”。例如:

Mother doesn’t let her go out at night. 母亲不让她晚上出去。

She went out to do some shopping this morning. 今天早上她出去买东西了。

巩固练习: 根据汉语句子,完成英语句子。

1. 这气味使我感到肚子饿了。

The smell______ _______ _______ hungry.

2. 昨天孩子们在公园里玩得很高兴。

The children______ ______ _______ _______ in the park yesterday.

3. 我发现他在正在地里干活。

I______ _______ _______ in the field.

4. 你能帮我做家务吗?

Can you______ _______ _______ my housework?

5. 今天天气晴朗,我们决定去游泳。

It_______ _______today. We______ _______ _______ swimming.

Key: 1. makes,me,feel 2. had,great,fun,playing

3. found,him,working 4. help,me,with

5. is,sunny; decide,to,go

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