时间：2022-05-05 11:58:20
Earlier this year， severe air pollution appeared frequently in some cities in the North China， Central Plains and the East China regions， which were mainly reflected by the excessively over standard of PM2.5， PM10， SO2， CO2， and other pollutants hovering in the air. In fact， the frequency and the duration of fog-haze weather have been increasing in recent years， seriously threatening the living environments and health conditions of the residents.
The revised Ambient Air Quality Standards released last year has added the 8-hour limit monitoring indicators of particulate matter PM2.5 and Ozone. Moreover， in key areas such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area， the Yangtze River Delta， the Pearl River Delta， as well as the municipalities directly under the Central Government and the provincial capital cities， departments concerned begin monitoring the particulate matters and the pollutants in the air. In terms of updating air quality standards and strengthen monitoring. We have made some progress. However， the development of quality standards and monitoring indicators is not sufficient to eliminate the fog-haze. What is more urgent now is to take a comprehensive action to strengthen the governance of air pollution sources on the basis of the goals set in the 12th Five-Year Plan for Energy Saving.
According to the National Environmental Statistics Annual Report， in 2010， the emissions of SO2 reached 21.851 million tons， of which 18.644 million tons were industrial emissions； the emissions of nitrogen oxides reached 18.524 million tons， of which 14.656 million tons were industrial emissions. In addition， the country's industrial dust emissions reached 4.487 million tons. In various sectors of the industry， the emissions of SO2， nitrogen oxides， and industrial dusts discharged by the thermal power， iron and steel， cement， ceramics and other industries are in the forefront. These sectors are the key targets of pollution control and technology upgrading， and should be reformed in accordance with the 12th Five-Year Plan for Energy Saving， in order to achieve emission reduction targets in relevant industries as soon as possible. In general， during the period of 12th Five-Year Plan， the industrial chemical oxygen demand is supposed to be reduced by 10%， the industrial emission of SO2 should be reduced by 10%， the industrial ammonia emissions should be reduced by 15%， and the industrial nitrogen oxide emissions should be reduction by 15%.
In terms of practical implementation， the growth rate of investment in fixed assets should be strictly controlled， and the development scale of the thermal power， iron and steel， cement， ceramics industries should also be governed， in order to avoid excessive growth of high energy-consumption and high emission industries. Moreover， we must speed up the elimination of backward production capacity and fulfill the targets of the 12th Five-Year Plan for Energy Saving， eliminating 20 million kilowatts of small thermal power stations， 48 million tons of iron production capacity， 48 million tons of steel production capacity， 3.7 million tons of cement production capacity， and 42 million tons of coke production capacity. In the work of adjusting and optimizing the industrial structure， we must be especially careful to prevent the high-polluting enterprises moving from economically developed areas to other areas without solving the problems of emissions and bring the pollution problems to inland areas and economically lagging areas.
It is worth mentioning that effectively controlling the construction of high-polluting projects should be based on an objective， fair， and professional environmental impact assessment mechanism. During the period from June to October in 2012， the Ministry of Environmental Protection conducted spot checks among the 501 Environmental Assessment Institutions across the country， in terms of their qualifications， personnel， and quality. It was found that in some institutions， the environmental assessment system was incomplete， the implementation of internal management system was insufficient， the staffs were unqualified， and the assessment files were poorly kept. What’s more， it’s reported that some institutions even forged public opinion surveys during the assessment.
These problems severely harm people’s confidence in the current environmental assessment system. We must learn from the experience of implementing the current environmental assessment system and particularly strengthen the evaluation and censorship of environmental assessment institutions by monitoring their activities continuously and effectively. Additionally， according to the Environmental Impact Assessment Law， the environmental assessment institutions are allowed to contract the assessment directly with the project builders， which makes the environmental assessment reports easily affected by interests and profits， and can hardly be objective， fair， and professional. We believe this kind of behavior should be forbidden and the project builders should submit a proposal to the Ministry of Environmental Protection for an environmental assessment. The Ministry of Environmental Protection should select the most appropriate institution through advertised bidding， in order to put an end to the interest relationship between the project builders and the environmental assessment institutions.
Apart from fulfilling the targets of emission reduction set in the 12th Five-Year Plan for Energy Saving， we believe the developed coastal areas have more responsibilities in industrial transformation and emission reduction because the industrial development in the developed coastal areas have contributed more to the air pollution and the developed coastal areas are more economically capable. We particularly suggest that in key areas like the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area， the Yangtze River Delta， and the Pearl River Delta， more advanced regional targets of emission reduction should be set. The various industrial sectors in these areas also need more advanced emission reduction targets. Working as an institutional guarantee， the relevant emission reduction targets may be considered as an important standard for assessing the performance of local governments.
In air pollution control， zone defense is an important strategy. Without zone defense， any measure may get half the result with twice the effort. Therefore， Hong Kong and Guangdong Province should strengthen cooperation， working jointly to improve the air quality in the Pearl River Delta. We assume that the two parties can push the cooperation with the concept of “Quality Living Area in the Pearl River Delta”， and jointly make the air pollution control plan as well as the emission reduction targets for the next 10 years.
In terms of the air pollution control in urban areas， we recommend promoting the construction of public transportation networks， and implementing the rail-based and bus-supplemented transport planning in major cities. Furthermore， the National Standards for Motor Vehicle Emissions of the Fifth Stage should be released and implemented soon， so as to reduce the pollution caused by car emissions in urban areas. In the North part of China， heating system in winter mainly relies on coal， and that is one of the reasons for the fog-haze weather in winter. Therefore， the central government and the local governments should invest more in transforming the heating system based on coal into a system based on gas or other environmental friendly energies.
Currently， many farmers tend to burn straws after harvest to process the farmland. We recommend that more financial assistance should be given to farmers， encouraging them to make more use of the straw mill machines to process straws and then spread the powdered straws back to the farmland. The related technology can better improve the organic matter in soil， save famers’ expenses in fertilizer， and reduce the impact on the environment brought by burning straws.
Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong （DAB） was founded on 10 July 1992. It is the largest political organization in Hong Kong， and the largest party in the Legislative Council.