试谈虚拟语气的复习

摘要：虚拟语气是英语语法教学中的重难点。

关键词：虚拟语气、复习

虚拟语气是英语语法教学中的重难点，学生在学习中受所学“if”真实条件句影响，把握不准时态变化；3．忽略虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用；4．忽略隐含条件句；5．忽略在实际交际中表示婉转或礼貌用法。

所以笔者认为，在整个虚拟语气复习教学中必须注意以下几点：

一、概括总结英语中的语气要领和分类，从而引出虚拟语气概念，使学生在清楚的概念之下正确分析句式，从而掌握好语法。

二、把虚拟语气运用情况分类讲解、练习。

1．在条件句中的运用。

条件句指表示假定情况的句子，是最常用的虚拟语气句

型，可表示对过去、现在、将来的假设。表示不同时间的假设时，条件句中的谓语动词结构不同。

①对现在情况的假设(与现在事实相反)时，条件旬中的谓语动词用一般过去时(动词过去或be动词一段用were)，结果主句中谓语动词用should／would／could／might+动词原形。如：If I were rich．I would buy that car．If I had a car，I should be very happy。

②对过去情况的假设(与过去事实相反)条件句中的谓语

动词用“had+过去分词”，结果主句中用should／would等

+have+过去分词。如： If I had known her telephone number， I would have called her。．

③对将来情况的假设(与将来事实相反)。条件句中用动词过去式(be用were)或should+@~形或were+to+动词原形，结果主句中用should／would等+动诃原形，如：I Saw him tomorrow，I would pass your note to him；If it should rain，we wouldn’t go on a picnic tomorrow。

2．归纳总结识别不明条件句。

①虚拟结构中的从句或主句有时形式上可以省略，但意义仍存在。如：I wouldn’t have done it。(省去了if／had been you)。

②省去结果主句的虚拟结果，常用来表示愿望的“if only”指将来，动词用would／should／could／might+动词原形。

③表示含蓄条体的情况：a．连词other wise，or或but，如：The old man’s hand shook constantly,otherwise he should still be working。b．介词with，without，order，but for等构成的短语，如：with your help，we might finsish the work earlier。c.不定式短语、名词短语等。如：a．would be a mistake not to help him bit it be mot flor结构，总为“……要是没有……”也是一种虚拟条件句。

3．总结虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用情况。

宾语从句中：

a.在动词wish弓J导的宾语从句中表示不可能实现的愿

望：主句表达的愿望与现在事实相反。从句谓语动词用一般过去式，如I wish I could buy the house；主句表达的愿望与过去事实相反，从句动词用过去完成时：如I wish I had known the news yesterday；主句表达的愿望与将来事实相反从句动词用would等+动词原形。如I wish I would fly to Beijing tomorrow。

b.在表示命令、建议、要求等动词后(即demand suggest order，insist propose request ask advise prefer等)的宾语从句中用虚拟语气结构“should+ 词原形，或should省略。

c.虚拟语气用在his+形容词/名词+that……，，这类句型中，这些作表语用的形容词或名词表情绪、观点，如：neces sary important，impossible，natural，strange，surprising，pity等。that从句中谓语动词用“should+动词原形"。如：It is necessary that you(should)clean the room after work．

d.用在it+过去分词+that……句式中，这类动词有

order．suggest，propose，require，demand，insist．其中it为形式主语，that从句中动词用“should+动词原形”如：It is

suggested that we(should)take action for that right now．

e.在表语从句中，这时主语常为order suggestion request。proposal，requirement等名词，如：My suggestions that we(should)take measures to protect our environment immediately．

4．虚拟语气用于状语从句中。

①由as if／as though(好像)引导的状语从句中谓语动词回过去式(be用were)指与现在事实相反的情况，用“had+过去分词"指与过去事实相反的情况，如：He looks as if he were ill，She talked about Beijing as though she had been there．但要阐明，as if／as though从句中表达的若是真实情况，则用陈述语气，如：It looks as if it is going to rain。

②even if／even though引导的让步状语从句中表示与现在事实相反，从句中用过去完成时，类似的还有though，as though／so long as，no matter+疑问词等。如No matter how dangerous it might be, he would have a try。