太阳能塔式电站“聚光―吸热”系统动态仿真及实验对比最终报告

摘 要：该研究以中国MW级的塔式太阳能热发电站“大汉”为研究对象，对全系统中区别于常规电站部分的“聚光-吸热”系统进行数学建模与动态仿真，深入研究系统在外界环境扰动下“光-热”转换过程中系统各参数的静态以及动态特性，为实际电站运行提供指导。其主要研究内容和结果如下： 在聚光系统（定日镜场）的建模与分析方面：利用基于“蒙特卡洛”的光线追迹法建立了“大汉”定日镜场中心点聚焦和非中心点聚焦的光学数学模型。通过此模型，不仅对腔式吸热器内表面的太阳入射能流密度的实时变化进行了模拟，而且对于全年典型天（春（秋）分日、夏（冬）至日）吸热器腔内能流密度分布规律的变化进行了深入分析。通过实验对比，验证了所建模型的有效性。在吸热系统（腔式吸热器）的建模与分析方面：利用模块化建模方法，根据质量、能量以及动量守恒定理，建立了吸热系统的非稳态全工况的热物理数学动态模型。该模型不仅能够对腔内管中单相流体（水/蒸汽）吸热过程中各参数的变化进行仿真，而且还能够对管内水工质因吸热而发生相变过程中的参数变化进行动态仿真。在耦合系统（“聚光-吸热”系统）的建模与分析方面：基于“STAR-90”仿真平台上搭建了“聚光-吸热”耦合系统的仿真模型。在此基础上，通过对系统输入条件的改变，研究了系统在外界输入条件扰动下各参数的动态变化特性，同时对结果进行了详细的分析。同时，为了验证所建模型的有效性，基于上述平台搭建的“聚光-吸热”系统仿真模型，通过输入和“大汉”电站实验过程中相同的初始条件以及操作步骤，对模拟结果和实验结果进行了对比验证。结果表明，该论文所建立的模型具有较高的可靠性。

关键词：太阳能热发电 聚光系统 吸热系统 仿真

Abstract：Regarding the first MW-level solar tower power plant “DAHAN” as the research object， this report mainly focuses on the modeling and dynamic simulation of the “concentrator-receiver” system， which is distinguished from the conventional coal-fired plants. Based on the developed models， a deep research on the static and dynamic characteristics of main parameters during the “light-heat” conversion under the disturbances of external environment is performed. The purpose of this research is to provide a significant guidance for the practical operation in the future. The main research and achievements are as follows： The aspect refers to the modeling and simulation of the concentrator system： A centre focus and non-centre focus optical model of “DAHAN” heliostat field was developed based on the monte-carlo ray tracing method. Based on this model， the real-time variation law of incident solar flux on the inner sides of the cavity receiver was not only simulated， but also for the solar flux distribution law on the typical days （spring/autumn equinox， summer/winter solstice）. Finally， the validity of this model was proved by the contrastive analysis. The aspect refers to the modeling and simulation of the receiver system： By adopting the modular modeling method， the unsteady-state and full-working conditions’ mathematic model of the central receiver system was developed based on the mass， energy and momentum conservation law. It can not only apply to the heat-transfer process of single-phase in the absorbing tubes， but also for the simulation of phase change process in the tubes. The aspect refers to the modeling and simulation of the coupled system： The simulation models of the “concentrator-receiver” system were built based on the “STAR-90” simulation platform， and the dynamic characteristics of the coupled system were studied and analyzed in detail under the disturbances of external environment. In order to verify the validity of the developed models， the simulation results of the coupled system were taken to make a comparison with the experimental data of “DAHAN” plant by following the practical operation procedures on the simulation platform. The results show that the models have a relatively high reliability.

Key Words：Concentrating solar power；Concentrator；Receiver；Modeling

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