骨肿瘤患者化疗期间焦虑、抑郁情绪与应对方式的调查研究

时间:2022-10-27 08:07:13

骨肿瘤患者化疗期间焦虑、抑郁情绪与应对方式的调查研究

[摘要] 目的 了解骨肿瘤患者化疗期间焦虑、抑郁情绪与应对方式的现状,探讨其关系。 方法 应用一般资料调查问卷、综合性医院焦虑抑郁量表(HAD)和特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)对109例骨肿瘤化疗患者进行调查,并进行相关性分析。 结果 骨肿瘤化疗患者焦虑、抑郁发生率分别是35.78%、31.19%。积极应对得分低于常模,消极应对得分高于常模,差异有高度统计学意义(P < 0.01)。患者的消极应对得分在性别上差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。焦虑、抑郁与消极应对呈正相关(r = 0.345、0.226,P < 0.05)。 结论 骨肿瘤化疗患者焦虑、抑郁情绪反应普遍存在。女性比男性更容易消极面对压力。焦虑、抑郁情绪对患者的应对方式有负性影响,焦虑、抑郁程度越高,应对越消极。护理人员应及时评估患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪及人格特质以发现不良的心理变化,提供个体化的心理指导,促进患者身心健康。

[关键词] 骨肿瘤;化疗;焦虑;抑郁;应对方式

[中图分类号] R473.71 [文献标识码] C [文章编号] 1673-7210(2014)02(b)-0112-04

Investigation on anxiety, depression and coping styles for patients with bone tumour during chemotherapy

WANG Hongqiao MA Yanlan LI Xu

The General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the status of anxiety, depression and coping styles of patients with bone tumour during chemotherapy, and study the relationship among them. Methods Three instruments were used to collect the data of 109 cases of patients with bone tumour during chemotherapy, including the demographic information, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCQS). Then the correlation was analyzed. Results The rate of patients was 35.78% for anxiety, and 31.19% for depression. Negative coping scores were higher than the model, while positive coping scores were lower than the model, there were significant differences among them (P < 0.01). Negative coping scores were significant differences in gender (P < 0.05). Anxiety and depression were positively correlated with the negative coping style (r = 0.345, 0.226, P < 0.05). Conclusion It is concluded that anxiety and depression are commonly seen in patients with bone tumour. Women are more likely than men to face pressure negatively. Anxiety and depression emotions have a negative influence on patients' coping styles. The higher the degree of anxiety and depression, the more negative coping styles. The nurses should pay close attention to patients' anxiety and depression, personal characteristic, in order to assess psychological changes, and promote their rehabilitation by the personalized psychological nursing.

[Key words] Patients with bone tumour; Chemotherapy; Anxiety; Depression; Coping styles

近年来新辅助化疗的应用使恶性骨肿瘤患者5年生存率由不足20%提高到50%~60%(国外报道为80%),为其保留肢体及功能带来了新希望[1]。然而,化疗是一种特殊的应激,有虚弱、恶心、呕吐、脱发等不良反应,让患者体会到疾病的无处不在,从而对化疗过程产生焦虑、抑郁、恐惧等情绪反应,甚至使患者感到绝望。患者还要承受除疾病本身以外的家庭和社会等各方面的多重压力,有的患者能够有效应对,积极配合治疗而成功回归社会,但是很大一部分患者心理调适不良,产生了负性心理反应,严重影响了疾病的治疗和预后。因此,了解骨肿瘤化疗期患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪和应对方式状况,对做好患者的心理护理,帮助患者积极应对压力,提高生活质量有着重要的意义。

以往的研究表明[11],患者在积极应对问题时,容易产生乐观的情绪调节能力和较高的生活质量。应对方式在应激与心理反应之间起到了调节和中介作用[12]。然而,本研究结果显示,骨肿瘤化疗患者消极应对得分明显高于常模[2],积极应对得分明显低于常模[2],说明患者在应对上存在一定的障碍,这是面对恶性骨肿瘤这一应激事件时患者心理调适困难的结果,与恶性肿瘤患者消极的人格特质有关,情绪相对稳定而内向的性格有利于焦虑、抑郁情绪的形成和发展。本研究还发现,女性消极应对得分明显高于男性,积极应对得分明显低于男性。国外研究也表明[13-14],相对于男性来说,在面对负性生活事件时女性更容易采取消极的应对方式并伴随负性情感状态。在焦虑、抑郁情绪和应对方式的关系中,焦虑、抑郁情绪与消极应对方式呈显著正相关,焦虑、抑郁情绪越严重,应对方式越消极。本研究显示,性别和消极应对两个因素对焦虑、抑郁情绪无预测作用,在将来研究中需进一步证实。总之,在临床护理工作中,护士应充分重视初期化疗患者的负性情绪反应,尤其是女性患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪,及时发现并给予恰当的心理指导。反复强调积极应对的重要性,促使患者采取有效的应对措施,以避免不良情绪的泛化,促进良好心境的恢复。

在国内患者对心理医生心存顾忌的背景下,长期接受化疗的患者即使深受焦虑、抑郁情绪的困扰也很少主动寻求专业心理医生的支持和帮助,此时护士就成了促进患者心理健康的主要人员。在临床上,教育性干预、认知行为疗法得到良好效果[15-18],笔者认为在借鉴成功经验的同时还需积极探索符合肿瘤化疗患者个体化的心理护理模式,增强患者自信心,提高应对能力,以缓解不良情绪,改善治疗的依从性。

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(收稿日期:2013-10-02 本文编辑:程 铭)

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