Marx's culture and industrial technology development thought research

【前言】Marx's culture and industrial technology development thought research由文秘帮小编整理而成，但愿对你的学习工作带来帮助。1. The connotation and essence of industrial technology Marx lived in modern industrial technology rise period， capitalist industrial gradually replace workshop handicraft industry as social dominant industry technology. Marx's industrial technolo...

Abstract. marx's industrial technology development thought is an important part of the marxist basic theory， Marx's industrial technology development thought is based on historical materialism and dialectical materialism， Marx is a full of modern industrial technology development experience and profound analysis. Marx was very concern technology epistemology，Scientific analysis of The root causes of industrial technology， nature， characteristics， structure and development process， etc.，Marx's focus on the development of industrial technology on human social culture and the influence of the change， in order to realize the harmony of man and technology， natural and social development has theoretical and practical significance.

Key words： Marx； industrial technology； culture； Technology development

INTRODUCTION

Many problems emerge in the development of modern Chinese technology， technology development and the social coordinated development has become a social great realistic problems. Epistemology， therefore， we should focus on technology， first of all， technology has a scientific understanding， to solve the major problems in the development of technology. The basic category of philosophy of technology belongs to the technical development， is one of the basic theory of marxism. "Marxist philosophy correctly and comprehensively summarizes the contemporary natural science achievements， also reflects the human nature， technology， and the great victory of the industrial revolution".[1]As a result， "our philosophy of technology research to be guided by the marxism".[2]Technology development thought of Marx reveals the law of development of technology and the historical trend.

Marx along the unity of historical materialism and dialectical materialism path， explore the industrial technology development， industrial technology can be incorporated into industrial system and social history in the process of investigation， according to the technological conditions of the 19th century， Marx in the world of human survival to understand the relationship between human and technology. "People of the sum of productivity determines the social condition， therefore， always have to 'the history of human beings' associated with the history of the industry and exchange research and explore".[3]At the same time， adhere to the contact of the development of materialist dialectics， Marx from the phenomenon to the essence of the industrial technology， industrial technology to the understanding of the general technology development rule， examining technology development in the multi-dimensional perspective， reveals the essence of the industrial technology， characteristics， development rule and effect， etc.， illuminates the whole the development of industrial technology and dynamic process， therefore， Marx's industrial technology development ideas， to modern industrial society is of great significance and value.

1. The connotation and essence of industrial technology

Marx lived in modern industrial technology rise period， capitalist industrial gradually replace workshop handicraft industry as social dominant industry technology. Marx's industrial technology development thought is a social and historical cultural background and modern science in Europe， on the basis of Marx's understanding of the development of industrial technology is making in the system of study and the experiences obtained in the first industrial revolution. Marx's industrial technology development is the history of human beings and technology of the understanding of the nature of reality， has an important guiding significance to the modern industrialization in China.

development of the relationship between reveals the essence of industrial technology， therefore， Marx's view of industrial technology as the display of the relationship between human and nature， the nature， industrial technology development， development is closely linked with human society， and reveals the inner relationship of the three. "Industry is between human， nature and hence the history of the reality of the relationship between natural science and fan. Therefore， if the industry as people's essential strength of public display， so the essence of the nature of people， or the essence of human nature， also can understand the".[4]Industrial technology for Marx is the product of human practice， social relations industrial technologies， is produced in the process of human transform nature technology form. Industrial technology development is not the purpose of the human social development， on the contrary， human and social development is the purpose of the industrial technology development. Marx in the development of industrial technology， therefore， ask industrial history and the logic starting point of the evolution of human history to realize the industrial society in nature and attributes of the industrial society is the nature of unity， and this paper analyzes the contradiction between human and industrial relations， criticizes the produce at the root of technical dissimilation lies in the capitalist system， and points out that to realize the harmonious development of human society， must destroy capitalism exploitation system， to achieve the liberation of human beings.

The nature of industrial technology is practical. Marx from the perspective of history and reality， that is derived from the practice of industrial technology， the production of industrial technology is to satisfy the human social practice and their needs. Such as opening the first industrial revolution of the steam engine is created in the production practice， "and the first French invented the first steam engine，... not long after， the British willy and new door also invented the same machine； finally， their countrymen watt to add a separate condenser， which makes the steam engine， in principle， reached the present level...... so， practice in its own way to solve the problem of the relationship between the mechanical and thermal."[5]Industrial technology along with the social development production practice， the main work by hand tools to machine to the automation system of the machine is widely used， industrial technology with the development of social division of labor and constantly updated development， the development of industrial technology is adapted to the need of human social practice， on the basis of large industrial production practice， the development of industrial technology development with the development of large industrial production practice.

2. Industrial technology development rule

In the middle of the 18th century， first is beginning with mechanization of textile factory， with the widely application of the steam engine marked by the rapid development of industrial technology. Marx saw the rapid rise of the capitalist society， and pay attention to the industrial technology development brings great change to the society， on the whole reveals technological evolution law of development， grasp the relationship between the inner logic and the external environment of industrial technology， through the phenomenon of industrial technology to realize the essence of technology development.

2.1 the quantitative change to qualitative change law of industrial technology development

Technological development has periodic， industrial technology development is not achieved overnight， but a leap from quantitative change to qualitative change has experienced a long historical process. Marx pointed out that "from a single machine to machine system， namely a few mill with the same power to drive， this process is going very slow， partly it is decided by the nature of the flour mills as rural sideline itself， the part is also determined by the nature of the product. In countries where the Yanks， flour and trade for the development of the mass for the first time."

[6]And industrial technology development periods and phases are mutually undertake， closely linked. Marx in the process of revealing the development of modern industrial technology， seized the main contradiction between the machine technology， using the method of the history of the dialectical analysis of the law of development of machine technology. Machine technology development of Marx's thought is the core of the industrial technology development， the formation of the machine technology development process in the background of the industrial technology system， logic analysis and machine is introduced in detail the development process of， think machine technology is a sustaining formed during workshop handicraft industry， the manufacturing technology， is the new stage of development of manufacturing technology. Machine technology which would hold his hand advantageous factors of industrial technology， and absorb the new technical inventions， and applied to the machine big industrial product production process， spread to other sectors of the social production， the ongoing technological innovation， and create new technology. In addition， Marx points out that the industrial technology is the foundation of the revolution. "Modern industrial never consider the existing form of a production process and as the final form. Therefore， modern industrial technology is based on the revolution， and all previous way of production technology is essentially conservative."[7]Industrial technology for Marx is not fixed for ever， industrial technology is adapted with the capitalist social system condition， industrial development to a certain stage will inevitably produce a new pattern of technology and its industry.

2.2 The power of the development of industrial technology

Technology development is the complex process in the system， the power of the development of technology is the result of various complex factors interact with each other. Marx believes that the needs of social production， the scientific invention and productivity development， mode of production development， the role of market mechanism， worldwide social communication， and culture， the capitalist system， etc.， these factors interact with each other， jointly promote the development of industrial technology. Such as "spinning machine and the manufacturing of the steam engine also is making these machines and workshop handicraft industry， handicraft industry and there has been a development in the period of mechanics science and so on the basis of".

[8]Have certain conditions for the development of industrial technology and premise， when these conditions meet， industrial technology will promote the rapid development of productivity， "once the factory system reaches a certain breadth and maturity， especially when it's own technology， the machine itself also use machines to produce once the coal and iron mining， metal processing， and transportation industry revolution， in short， once adapted to large industrial production conditions usually form， this mode of production is a kind of elasticity， a suddenly jump to extend ability"，

[9]Industrial development to a certain stage， the new industrial technology and contradiction movement of the original technology， and promote the development of industrial technology. Marx discusses the technical foundation of hand industrial and workshop handicraft industry and industrial conflict， with the new technology of big industry scale， get rid of initially dominate its construction form of handicraft industry and to be free form， as a result， large industrial system increasingly complex， diverse and has increasingly stringent rules， large industrial technology system was developed.

Marx further revealed that the invention of the machine tool is a driving force of the industrial revolution. "Invented by the late 17th century workshop handicraft industry period， there has been to the steam engine， that in the early 1780 s did not cause the industrial revolution. On the contrary， it is precisely because has created a machine tool， makes the revolution of the steam engine as necessary. Once people no longer use tools on the object of labor， but just as dynamic function on machine tool， the muscles act as power phenomenon is accidental， they can be replaced by wind， water， steam， etc. Of course， this kind of change often can make originally only by artificial power and important institutions in the design of technological change".

[10]As the machine tool have been creating and increasing number of Japanese， urgent need strong technical power， this led to the continuous improvement of the steam engine and its application.

2.3 the holistic development of industrial technology

Industrial technology technology itself is a huge system， a sign of maturity is the formation and application of machine system， the integrity of the industrial technology in the continuity of the working machine. "Machine production system can continue to develop， the former is the independent production department， for example， spin and weave at the factory to unite and form a continuous system"， [11] and driven by an engine play a role， make all the tool machine work in the factory， "from the ground can also explore the history of development of such a machine features： with grinding grain itself apart before and became an independent process work， later began to use the same power to complete， so as to become an organic whole repeatedly with the grinding work on mechanical." [12] and the same machine system to produce the same product， all process is a unified whole， Marx pointed out that "the whole process was objectively according to the nature of its own is decomposed into each phase of each local process how to do and how to combine each local process problems， from mechanics， chemistry and so on in the application of technology to solve， and， of course， here also as before， the theory of the scheme will need to be a substantial accumulation of practical experience through to have perfected. Each local machine， in turn， the raw material supply the next set， because all the action at the same time， local products are not in themselves at various stages of the process of formation， continually from one production to another production stage". [13]

Caused by the interaction of science and technology， and interrelated development between industrial department and other departments. An industrial department technical change， must cause other department production mode change. The invention of spinning machine， weaving machine， and both make bleaching mechanics must be carried out in the industry， printing and dyeing industry and chemical revolution. Also， on the other hand， MianFangYe revolution and cause separation of the invention of the cotton fiber and cotton seed cotton gin， due to the invention， cotton production is possible in the scale of what is needed. Technological change leads to changes also in production relations， "machine labor is a revolutionary factor directly due to demand more than the previous production means to meet this demand caused by the possibility of... as once， show the technological revolution has already happened productivity revolution， also achieve the production relation of revolution". [14]

The development of industrial technology and the development of other sectors to promote each other. "， regardless of his has completely change the sailboat manufacturing transportation is gradually by inland river ships， railways， ocean-going vessels and telegraph system adapted to the industrial production mode. However， now smithing， welding， cutting， and create a huge amount of casting iron， and need a large machine， to make such a machine is not up to the workshop handicraft industry machinery manufacturing. [15]

The development of industrial technology is closely connected with the industrial cycle of the. Due to the restriction of the industrial cycle， the capitalists in order to obtain industrial prosperity， to adopt new technology. Industry has its prosperity and development， the order of the crisis and stagnation period and constant transformation， Marx pointed out that， in addition to the boom period， capitalist always between competition is very fierce， in order to compete for their position in the market， this causes the capitalists to adopt the improved machine instead of labor force and new production methods. In addition， the system of capitalism is the important factor of industrial technology development. The development of industrial technology is inevitable in a capitalist society， a lot of the continued increase in the number of factory workers， is the technology of the big industrial base. Social communication more frequent technical invention is more than high efficiency. "Created a regional productivity， especially the invention， in the development of future will lost， completely depend on the condition of the contact extension". [16] is the interaction of these factors as a whole， thus promote the formation and development of industrial technology system.

3. Marx's industrial technology development

thought enlightenment

The purpose of the industrial technology development， Marx's study was to focus on the development of industrial technology has brought people's mode of production and life how to change. Marx's opinion， the development of industrial technology is the unity of contradiction， it is both a sign of social progress， and the means of oppression. On the one hand， has brought the rapid development of social productivity， change the way of social production， developing the international market； On the other hand， the development of industrial technology to promote the development of division of labor and extension and deepening of labor division， intensifies the social contradictions. "By modern industry， machinery， chemical process and other methods to make the function of workers and labor in the process of social change along with the production technology in constantly. In this way， it is also constantly make the social division of labor within revolution， constantly put a lot of capital and a large number of workers from one production to another production department. Therefore， the nature of industrial decided to change the transformation， the function of labor and the worker's overall liquidity... we have seen， the absolute contradiction... how to through the sacrifice of the working class and labor waste of unlimited and social anarchy ransacked and wantonly. This is the negative aspects." [17] industrial technology of capitalism using led to the alienation of people. "Science through the structure of the machine drives the lifeless body purposefully as automata to the machine works， the science does not exist in the consciousness of the workers， but as an alien force， as the power of the machine itself， through the machine for workers." [18] Marx profoundly reveals that industrial technically eliminated the kind of person who makes a complete lifelong fixed in some local operations of workshop handicraft industry division of labor， and at the same time， the industrial form of capitalism have reproduced this division of Labour and worse： in the real factory， is due to the workers into the local machine have ego attachment； Throughout the other part is due to intermittent use of machines and labor， labor， child labor is partly a result of using women and unskilled labor as the new foundation of division of labor ". [19]

The development of industrial technology of labor ability enhancement， and strengthen the control of nature. "It goes without saying that the nature can draw from the things， people's ability to work in the development of special performance or production tools in the development of labor data. It is this development shows that by inserting a between the two planning regulations for the purposes of their labor， and as a medium is subject to the will of his natural objects， to much extent strengthened his direct labor to the influence of natural objects." [20] industrial technology enhances the ability of human nature， but， if the unlimited unilateral industrial development， will lead to the unlimited destruction of natural resources， human nature will revenge.

Technology is the process of human creation society， people understanding of technology is with the historical development and deepening， Marx profoundly criticized capitalist society and industrial technology of capitalism， to explore human and technology， human and nature， the path of the development of harmonious human society， therefore， the development of modern industrial technology of objective laws of development of technology should be considered at the same time， adopt the coordinated control strategy for technology development， improve the technology development to social progress， service in the process of the masses， and should not put the technology as a control and the power of society.

Author's brief introduction： YI Guangying （1979--）， liaoning dandong， Northeastern university， grammar reading doctoral candidate， school of liaoning university of petroleum chemical industry college marxism， research direction： the basic principle of marxism.

Address： Fushun city of liaoning province WangHua dandong road 1， for the western liaoning university of petroleum and chemical， zip code 113001.

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