三大从句易错考题分析

同学们在做题时经常犯一些重复性的错误，尤其出现在含定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句的考题中。下面就同学们的错题来探讨这三大从句的奥秘。请先完成以下五道题：

例1 Men are more suited to occupational environments ________ require decisive action while women are better at jobs ________ a considered approach is most important.

A. which；that B. 不填；when

C. which；when D. that；where

例2 ________ is known to us all is ________ many young students are the iPod fans.

A. What；that B. What；what

C. It；that D. As；that

例3 A big stone blocked the way，but it was such a huge one ________ nobody could lift.

A. that B. as C. what D. which

例4 You are saying that the prices of houses will go on rising，and this is ________ I disagree.

A. why B. what C. how D. where

例5 ________ this job，he will have to be faced with the challenging situation he has never experienced before.

A. No matter who will take on B. Who takes on

C. Whoever will take on D. Whoever takes on

【答案分析与拓展】

例1：答案为D。分析第一空，定语从句中缺少主语，选择关系代词，指代先行词environments，因此第一空可以填that或which；分析第二空，定语从句中缺少地点状语，因此选择关系副词where。

拓展一：that 是个“万金油”，可以引导多种从句。that引导定语从句时，对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用，与先行词之间有从属关系，可充当主语、宾语或表语。that引导同位语从句的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词进行补充说明，是前面名词的具体内容，与所修饰的名词之间是同位关系，但是此时that只起连接主从句的作用，在从句中不充当任何成分。如：

The news that he told us interested all of us. 我们都对他告诉我们的消息感兴趣。（定语从句，若把that去掉，后面的从句he told us不完整）

The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy. 她考试及格的消息使她的父母很高兴。（同位语从句，若把that去掉，后面的从句she had passed the exam 仍是完整的）

拓展二：that在名词性从句中只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，且在宾语从句中有时可省。what和which在名词性从句中既起连接作用，又可在从句中作主语、宾语，what还可在名词性从句中作表语。如：

What surprised me most was that such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well. 最令我吃惊的是，一个七岁的小男孩能把小提琴拉得这么好。（what引导主语从句，在主语从句中作主语，that引导表语从句）

Can you tell me which is better exercise―swimming or tennis？你能告诉我们游泳和打网球哪种运动更好吗？（which引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中作主语）

例2：答案为A。what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句。

拓展三：例2的题干可以进行以下改动。

It is known to us all that many young students are the iPod fans. （it作形式主语，指代that 引导的主语从句）

As is known to us all，many young students are the iPod fans. （as引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首）

例3：答案为B。nobody could lift中的lift没有宾语，因此用关系代词as引导定语从句，代替先行词在从句中作lift的宾语。如果在lift后面加上it，那么答案选A。

拓展四：定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分，若去掉，则从句成分不完整。如：

It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是一本我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。（as用作动词like的宾语，引导定语从句）

拓展五：结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后，从句的成分仍然完整。如：

It is such an interesting book that we all like it. 它是一本如此有趣的书，我们大家都喜欢它。（that不充当句子成分，因此它引导的是结果状语从句）

例4：答案为D。where引导表语从句，意为“这正是我不同意的地方”。

拓展六：where还常引导定语从句和状语从句。如：

Put the book where it was. （状语从句）

可转换为：Put the book at the place where it was. （定语从句）

I will go where I am needed most. （状语从句）

可转换为：I will go to the place where I am needed most. （定语从句）

同学们如果注意观察，就可以发现定语从句的前面有名词作先行词，而状语从句没有先行词。

例5：答案为D。whoever引导让步状语从句。选项A与C中的时态错误，主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时。

拓展七：“no matter+疑问词”只能引导状语从句，而“疑问词+ever”既可引导状语从句，又可引导名词性从句。如：

Whoever comes to the party will receive a gift. 来参加派对的人都会收到一份礼物。

English and French are taught here. You can choose whichever you like. 这里教英语和法语，你可以选择你喜欢的一种。

【小试牛刀】

1. When I got to the checkout counter，I realized I didn’t have enough money，so I kept ________ I really needed and left the rest.

A. what B. which C. that D. this

2. I don’t say I am against their plan. But the trouble is ________ they do doesn’t agree with what they say.

A. what that B. that what

C. if what D. what if

3. What was it ________ caused the modern nations to change their mind ________ they should help to preserve the Roma’s history？

A. 不填；why B. that；that

C. that；不填 D. what；that

4. Patience is a kind of quality―and that’s ________ it takes to do things well.

A. what B. how C. which D. why

5. ―The thread of my kite broke and it flew away.

―I had told you it would easily break ________ it was the weakest.

A. when B. where C. unless D. since

参考答案：1～5 ABBAB （责任编彭益）