跨界学人姜青青

时间:2022-10-13 09:10:49

他是一位资深的纸质媒体从业者,擅长严谨的新闻采编工作,却用广博的知识和过人的创造力,复原了南宋《咸淳临安志》中的“京城四图”,并获广泛肯定,成为G20杭州峰会官方宣传刊物中的重要插图。他曾当过网络媒体老总,擅长时事话题的整合报道,却用历史学家的眼光写出一系列学术专著。2016年秋天,他的论文《从宋版“京城四图”看临安城基本保障系统的构建》,登上了由联合国教科文组织主办、中国社会科学院承办的《国际社会科学杂志》(中文版)。

他就是姜青青,一位跨界发展的新闻工作者、历史学人。

“为什么会在本职工作之外投身历史研究?”“南宋历史的话题对您的吸引力在哪里?”“怎样看待新闻和历史这两门学科的关联?”带着这些问题,我走近姜青青,从与他的三面之缘里,窥斑见豹。

学海跋涉严且实

初识姜青青是因1999年在《中华新闻报》上刊登的一篇报道《写历史的记者》。一个整版的稿件记叙了他对历史研究的执著和智慧,并称之为“学者型记者”。记者采访他从事历史研究的初衷,他的回答是:“我的工作是写新闻,但历史是除新闻外我的全部世界。”

姜青青时任《杭州日报(下午版)》新闻部副主任。当时还是一名学生的我,最喜爱的报刊之一,就是这份风格偏重人文情怀的报纸。其副刊里,那些文辞优美、题材悠远的历史类稿件,给了像我这样莘莘学子最早的历史启蒙。后来我才知道,那些稿件,不少出自姜青青的手笔,或是经过他妙笔的编辑。

《写历史的记者》也让我了解姜青青从事历史研究的起因――不少细节,在后来对他的采访中,都得到了印证。上世纪80年代初,学生时代的姜青青看到了浙江著名连环画家傅伯星的作品《南宋风云录》。傅伯星老先生曾在浙江日报美术组工作,少年姜青青就经常去傅老先生那里看他绘画,还收藏了全套的连环画《三国演义》《水浒传》《岳飞传》《西汉演义》等等。画面上那些精彩的故事,勾起了他对历史的最初兴趣。

参加工作后,姜青青还是一直保持着对历史的热爱。文史本来就不分家,文字工作中,也有不少接触历史的机会。他为浙江摄影出版社的“中国茶文化丛书”写的文化史随笔《数典》算是最早的历史作品之一。1995年,通过一次丝绸之路的考察采访,他在短时间内完成了一部13万字的报告文学专集《丝绸之路万里行》,这对善于耍笔杆子的记者来说也决非易事。他从丝路考察中获知一支古罗马军队定居西域的历史传闻,又发挥自己历史考据的扎实功底,对骊y这一班固所著《汉书》中记载的河西地名进行了考证,写出并发表了一篇观点新颖的学术论文――《“骊y”意为“罗马军团”》。在此基础上,他还写出了一部电影文学剧本《最后一支罗马军团》,并被专业杂志采用发表……

后来,姜青青回忆那一段既当记者、又写历史的岁月时这样说:“无论是记者的新闻采访、信息求证,还是学者的文献查证、事实推理,都必须严谨和务实。记者和学者,在发现、揭示、还原和传导真相上,都是努力跋涉的行者。”

十年磨砺终成剑

2008年,我大学毕业进入了杭州日报报业集团从事新闻工作,实现了年少时的理想。作为城市建设和风景旅游系统的跑线记者,少不了向资深新闻人姜青青讨教。有趣的是,当时姜青青已经离开了奋斗十几年的纸媒岗位,转而担任“杭州网”的总编辑,对于无数如我这样的“菜鸟”记者来说,又是一出传奇故事。

此时的姜青青,不仅在本职工作上有了突破,在历史研究方面,已经把目光聚焦到与杭州本土元素、与人文传统息息相关的南宋史上。他描述南宋将领马扩的作品、煌煌30万字的大作《马扩研究》一书由人民出版社出版。为这部书作序的,正是时任中共中央政治局常委、国家副主席的同志。

“为什么选择马扩作为研究对象?”面对这个问题,姜青青的答案很简单,他拿出了一本国内著名学者徐兴业的长篇历史小说《金瓯缺》,这本书的主要人物,就是宋廷中级武官马扩。虽然不是大人物,但马扩经历过与辽、金两朝极为危险和艰难的外交谈判,也经历过喋血沙场的惨烈战斗,一生联系着宋、辽、金这三个王朝的兴衰。他见证并实践了北宋与金的重大外交事件“海上之盟”,也亲历了如“收复燕京”、“靖康之变”、“苗刘兵变”等一系列重大历史事件。

“作为历史人物研究新的对象,可以成为南宋史研究重要的枢纽和环节,所以,我就投入了很大的心力和几乎全部的业余时间来对马扩作全景式的编年史研究。”发现了宝库的姜青青,还利用外出采访的机会,实地考察了许多马扩曾经驻足或战斗过的地方,写下了《五马山古战场》等考察随笔。

姜青青的大学同学、著名文史学家和书画家宋一洲曾和他一起构思讨论这部《马扩研究》,他对姜青青的评价不吝溢美之词:“诚然,一个担任了媒体要职的老总,协调好职责和学问两者决非易事。不过,对了解他的人来说,这部大作的出版可谓是十年一剑、水到渠成。”

|类旁通结硕果

第三次见到姜青青是2017年,现在的他,已专注研究历史。这些年里,他还担任过杭州日报报业集团新闻和发展研究所所长,在新闻业务上已经炉火纯青,他的不少作品,甚至成为新入行的小编小记们的范文。

但是,姜青青自己最满意的,依然还是他的历史研究。

2013年,一幅疑似南宋西湖全景图的《西湖清趣图》,引起了学界的一番真伪论战。姜青青参与其中,借助《咸淳临安志》来一探究竟。他发现古地图上不少字迹已经模糊,因此决定参照《咸淳临安志》《梦粱录》《西湖游览志》等古代文献的记载,对《皇城图》《京城图》《西湖图》和《浙江图》这描绘南宋晚期临安的“京城四图”进行复原。

虽然是专业的史料复原工作,但姜青青很谦虚:“其实和我早年在报社干的校对工作差不多,从本质上理解,也属于一种‘校对’。研究方法主要就是借助现代计算机技术,把宋代的原版地图和明代、清代摹绘的图在文字上进行比勘,由此发现错误,纠正错误,并重绘宋版地图。而纠错过程中,必须依据实事求是的原则,一是一、二是二,即使宋版原图也要经过纠错这一关。”

为了把复原工作介绍清楚,姜青青下了不少细功夫,比如今天西湖北边的北山街,文献记载在南宋时叫“北新路”,净慈寺这一侧道路叫“南新路”。但在宋版“京城四图”中却都叫“南新路”,明代、清代的摹绘图均沿袭了这个错误。“这种情况提醒我们,所谓权威资料也不能一概而论,宋刻原版也不一定全对,还是要有对事实进行求证、求真、求实的态度,不能盲目照搬照抄。做学问以事实为依据下结论,这和做新闻是一个道理。我觉得,这个课题研究能辨识和发现京城四图上的509个错误,与我早年的校对经历是分不开的。”姜青青说。

功夫不负有心人,姜青青的努力复原终于成功,并得到了社会各界的广泛肯定。在G20杭州峰会上,官方唯一指定介绍杭州的会议用书《韵味杭州》中,以及《2016年二十国集团杭州峰会专题邮票纪念册》中,都采用了“京城四图”中的《皇城图》;在杭州城南、钱塘江畔的白塔公园里,还矗立起一座以“京城四图”中《京城图》为模板的大型铜雕,复原了宋代人在钱塘江渡口登岸,向本地人问路、并购买杭州地图的场景。

姜青青趁热打铁,撰写了学术论文《从宋版“京城四图”看临安城基本保障系统的构建》,以“读图”的方式进一步解读城市功能,指出在当时的历史和自然条件下,临安如何成为“宜居”城市发展的典范。“这篇论文不管是从视角、思路方法到组织结构上都是独特的、全新的。我想这也是我的论文被《国际社会科学杂志》选中的原因之一。”姜青青说。

国学大师钱穆说得好,做学问除了要“术业有专攻”之外,更重要的是,要“左顾右盼”。这意思很好理解――真正值得尊敬的大家,除了专攻一项学问之外,还对其他专业有着触类旁通的涉猎。

姜青青,正是这样一个“左顾右盼”的范例。他在媒体的工作,影响了许多晚辈从业者的新闻历程;他的历史研究,更为杭州这座城市、为中国人文传承,提供了珍贵的材料,做出了光彩熠熠的贡献。

Scholarly Journalist Explores History

By Qi Yongye, our special reporter

Jiang Qingqing, a journalist by occupation, has established his reputation in the field of history studies. His latest achievement is the restoration of the Four Maps of the Capital City, first published in the 100-volumn , a history of the capital city of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279). One of the restored maps was used as an illustration for an official publication of the G20 Hangzhou 2016. In the autumn of 2016, Jiang published an important paper in the Chinese Edition of International Social Science Journal. The journal was launched by UNESCO in 1948 and its Chinese version was edited and published by Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The paper analyzes the basic everyday-life support structure of Lin’an (the present-day Hangzhou), the capital city of the Southern Song. The paper is based on the studies and the restoration of the maps Jiang did.

Jiang says his work is about news. But history is his whole world in his spare time. His passion for history was kindled by pictorials he devoured as a child. The most influential pictorial he read was by Fu Boxing, an artist working for Zhejiang Daily. As a college student in the early 1980s, Jiang built up a collection of pictorials and comic books featuring ancient Chinese dynasties, classical novels and big names in history.

After he became a journalist, he had more opportunities to delve into history. In 1995, he wrote a 130,000-word report after a field visit to the Silk Road in the west of China. During his field study, he learned the hearsay that a Roman legion once settled down in the west of China. Back home, he researched by Ban Gu (32-92AD) and came up with a theory about a place name in the west of the Yellow River mentioned in the book. Jiang proposed that Liqian (Py) in the history book refers to the Roman Legion. This study caused a sensation among historians.

In 1999, China Journalism, a professional publication with its main readership engaged in the journalism across the country, featured a one-page story on Jiang Qingqing, describing him as a journalist who wrote about history.

In the 21st century, Jiang focused his historical studies on the past of Hangzhou. He wrote a 300,000-word book on Ma Kuo, a general of the Southern Song. The book was prefaced by Xi Jinping, then a member of the standing committee of the political bureau of the CPC central committee and vice president of the People’s Republic of China. Jiang chose Ma Kuo as a key perspective largely because the general was there in crucial and challenging negotiations with the two northern dynasties that threatened the Southern Song. He witnessed and participated in a series of military campaigns and diplomatic occasions.

In 2013, an ancient panoramic map of the West Lake, which was believed to portray the lake in the Southern Song, caused a heated debate among scholars about its authenticity. Jiang pitched in. He went through to see whether it could help clarify some points. The texts of the maps in the book looked ineligible due to the wear and tear of centuries. So he tried, on the basis of a series of ancient history books, to see if he could restore the four maps respectively featuring the imperial court, the city of Hangzhou, the West Lake, and Zhejiang Province.

He compared the maps published in the Song (960-1279) with the maps published in the Ming (1368-1644) and the Qing (1644-1911) and made corrections and verifications. In his research, he identified and corrected 509 mistakes in the four original maps. With these corrections, he recreated the four maps. The restorations were widely acclaimed.

Jiang Qingqing is an experienced journalist. In his career, he worked at the news department of Hangzhou Daily in the 1990s, editor-in-chief of Hangzhou News internet portal, and director of the press and development institute under Hangzhou Daily Group. Some of his stories are used as model texts for young journalists at the newspaper to study. He says the restoration of the four maps can be attributed partly to the proofreading he had done in the early years of his journalist career.

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