英语中主动形式表示被动意义归纳

时间:2022-10-10 06:51:06

英语中主动形式表示被动意义归纳

在英语学习中,有许多地方用主动表被动,这对许多中国学生来说是一个难点,常常让他们感到不好学,不好掌握,在此小结一下。

一、 Need, want, require(要求,需要), deserve(应得,值得), be worth值得),not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。

1.The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。

2.The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。

3.These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。

4.Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).你的头发该剪。

5.This point deserves mentioning. 这一点值得一提。

二、不定式作定语,放在 “be +形容词+to do”的结构中,即不定式在作表语的形容词后充当状语,同时,主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语,此时习惯上以主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词通常有difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, enough, sure, fit, nice, dangerous, comfortable, exciting, good, important等。

例如: 1.The problem is hard to deal with. 这个问题难以解决。

2.The bag is too heavy to carry.这包重得拎不动。

3.The sea is not fit to swim in. 这片海水不宜游泳。

4.The text is easy to understand.这篇课文容易理解.

5.That article is difficult to write.那篇文章难写。

6. The chair is very comfortable to sit on.这椅子坐起来很舒服。

7.I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。

8.That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写。

三. 不定式作定语修饰名词或代词时(此时不定式与其所修饰的名词或代词之间存在动宾关系),如果句子中的另一名词或代词(就是句子的主语)可以充当不定式的逻辑主语,即与该不定式之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,则此时不定式用主动形式表示被动意义.例如:

1.I have a meeting to attend.我有一个会议要参加。(其中I是不定式to attend的逻辑主语)

2.Have you a letter to send?你要去寄信吗?(you是to send的逻辑主语)。

如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,则应用被动式,比较:

3.I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)

4.I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字)

5.Have you a letter to be sent? 你有信要我去寄吗? (该句中不定式to be sent与主句主语you之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。)

6.I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。(与work有动宾关系,与I有主谓关系)

7.Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。(与room有 动宾关系,与Tom 有主谓关系)

8.He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭。(与family有动宾关系, 与 he有主谓关系)

四、不定式to blame, to let, to seek用做表语时,通常用主动表被动意义。

1.Who is to blame for starting the fire?

这场火灾应由谁负责?

2.You are to blame for the accident. 你应为这事受动责备。

3.The house is to let.此房出租。

4.She was in no way to blame.决不应该责备她。

5.A better way is yet to seek..还得找一种更好的办法。

6.A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做。

五、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到), look(看起来),smell(闻起来)等,例如:

1.Your reason sounds reasonable.

你的理由听起来很合理。

2.Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口。.

3. It smells terrible. 气味难闻死了。。

4. Silk feels very soft. 丝绸摸上去很柔软。、

5.The tiger looks dangerous

6. My advice proved to be right

六、can,will, do, would的否定形式加动词原形。。常用的有:

lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开), act(上演), write(写),cut(砍,切),wear(穿,戴)等,用作不及物动词时,用主动表被动。例如:

1. This material won’t wear. 这料子不耐久。

2. The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。

3. The box doesn’t lock. 这箱子锁不上。

4.The door won''t open.这门打不开。

5.It can''t move.它不能动。

七、某些及物动词后加副词时。,描会事物的特性。这些动词有

wash, write, sell, read, cut, clean, heat, rent, let,act, tell,等,其后的副词多为well, easily, quickly, rapidly等。

1. Such houses rent easily. 这样的房子容易租出去。

2. Nylon dries quickly. 尼龙干得快。例如:

3.The book sells well.这种书很畅销。

4.These clothes wash easily.这些衣服很易洗。

5.The pen writes well. 这笔很好写。

八.在“疑问词what/which/whom+不定式”结构中,有时以主动形式表被动意义。例如:

1.The question is which to choose.问题是挑选哪一个。

2.He will advise you what to do.他会建议你们做什么。

九. 在“too...to...”结构中,用主动形式表示被动意思,此时不定式前面可以加逻辑主语。例如:

1. The box is too heavy (for me) to carry.这盒子太重了,搬不动。

2.The room is not enough (for us) to have a meeting in.这个房间不是大到足够能在里面开会。

十.某些动词的进行时也可表示被动意义,常见的动词有bake, cook, print, hang, build, do, finish等。

1. The cakes are baking. 面包正烤着呢。

2. The meat is cooking. 肉正烧着。

3. My raincoat is hanging behind the door. 我的雨衣挂在门后。

Exercises: choose the best choice.

1. There are many good films played by ChengLong that are worth _____.

A. to be seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to see

2. The food _____ easily and sells _____.

A. cooks ; well B. is cooking; good C. is cooked; well D. cooked; good

3. The windows of the building can’t _____.,

A. be closed B. close C. be closing D. closed

4.With a lot of problems considers _______ , the principal decided to hold a meeting to have a thorough discussion about them.

A. to solve B.being solved C. solving D. solved

5. There are five pairs ______ , but I’m at a loss which to buy.

A. to be chosen B.to choose from C.to choose D. for choosing

6. Do you find the composition easy or hard ____________ ?

A. to write B. to be written C. writing D. being written

Key: 1-6 CABABA

(陕西省洋县中学)

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