Splashing,Dancing and Making Merry at the Dai Water-Sprinkling Festival

THE Water-Sprinkling Festival of the Dai ethnic group is the most popularly celebrated rite among the ethnic minorities living in Yunnan Province.

This week-long celebration in honor of the Dai Lunar New Year usually falls around mid-April. People of all ages， dressed in their festival best， take part in the solemn ritual of washing statues of Buddha. They later take great delight in generously blessing all and sundry with splashes of water； and in getting together to talk and compare notes about the past year. Evening merry-making activities include watching Dai dramas， performing local dances， and flying kongming lanterns.

The festival comprehensively showcases Dai traditional culture and the significance it attaches to water and folklore. The event also highlights the joy the people take in music and dance， feasting， and wearing traditional costumes. Other Southeast Asian countries， including Thailand， Laos， Myanmar， and Cambodia， also share this folk tradition. In 2006 the Water-Sprinkling Festival was among the first batch of China’s national intangible cultural heritage to be added to the UNESCO list.

Buddha’s Birthday

Also known as the Buddha’s Birthday Festival， the history of this celebration goes back centuries. It originated in India as a religious rite of the Brahman， or priestly， caste， and later became absorbed into Buddhism. The festival was introduced to southwestern Yunnan Province via Myanmar at the end of the 12th century. Buddhism has since been the region’s predominant belief system.

The first day of the festival is celebrated in similar fashion to that of China’s Lunar New Year. In addition to cleaning the house from top to bottom and preparing the family reunion dinner， dragonboat races， setting off Dai-style fireworks， and watching drama， song and dance performances are also customary. The second day is reserved for water sprinkling， which ritually cleanses people of any residual ill fortune lingering from the old year and is believed to bring good health and happiness. The third day is the Dai New Year’s Day， most important of any other festival on the Dai lunar calendar. Sprinkling people with water on this day is believed to purify their hearts in preparation for the coming New Year.

Water， perceived as nourishing everything yet striving for nothing， is the focal point of the festival activities. According to Dai culture， water， as the god of life， symbolizes holiness， happiness， and light. People fetch clean water from the wells early in the morning， add flowers， and take it to their local Buddhist temple. After performing a worshipful ritual， they clean the statue of Buddha with this water and pray for the Buddha’s blessing. Everyone then splashes the blessed water over one another to wash away illness and disaster and pray for a happy life.

People traditionally fill wooden basins with water and use leafy twigs to sprinkle it gently， first on elders and then others， while uttering sincere wishes for health and harmony.

Younger people use a broader range of containers for the water which they will soon splash over one another while chasing along high streets and through back lanes. Dai people believe that spraying water through the air brings good luck， felicity， and health； also that the wetter one gets， the more benedictions one may expect. The festival is thus a veritable ocean of joy.

Later on， local people join in the festival song and dance activities. Dressed in its finest attire， the community as a whole dances for joy， to the accom-paniment of gongs and elephant-foot drums. The air is vibrant with singing and cheering as people make merry through the night.

Game of Love

The Water-Sprinkling Festival is also a venue for seeking out marriage partners.

One of the matchmaking games the Dai people play is that of throwing small bags.

Dai girls carry with them love tokens in the form of small cotton bags which they have sewn， decorated with colorful fringes， and filled with cottonseed. Carrying colorful parasols， the young women form one line and the young men another， about 15 meters apart. The girls throw bags to the boys， and they throw them back. If a boy fails to catch a bag from a girl， he must place a flower in her hair. If a girl fails to catch a bag from a boy， she must insert a flower in the buttonhole of a boy’s shirt. The bags fly to and fro time and again. When a boy and a girl finally take a fancy to each other， they leave and make their way to a quiet place to begin their romance.

Colorful Folk Activities

Local people prepare special dishes and various kinds of sticky rice cakes to present to guests and close friends at this grandest of Dai festivals. People from all the local Dai villages perform local dances and pay New Year’s Day calls on their neighbors to wish them the best. Other cultural activities include dragonboat racing， peacock dances， and the white elephant dance.

The festival highlight is the dragonboat race， which usually falls on the third day. Splendidly attired villagers gather along the banks of the Lancang River and Ruili River as dragonboats， festooned in colorful silks and manned by teams of strong rowers， await the starter’s gun. They then shoot forth like arrows from a bow while the river banks resound to the throb of drumming， the clash of gongs， and rousing cheers as the festive atmosphere reaches its climax.

Setting off gaosheng， as the Dai’s self-fashioned fireworks are known， is another tradition. They are made from filling the bottom end of bamboo tubes with gunpowder and other materials and attaching them with lead wire to a bamboo ladder frame. When ignited the rockets soar to the heavens and explode into dazzling brilliance. He whose gaosheng ascends the highest wins a prize and much local acclamation.

Flying kongming lanterns is a time-honored Dai custom. People gather at evening in an open space and light the candles inside the lanterns. Aerostatic buoyancy sends them to the sky where they float like countless stars， so paying tribute to deities， sages， and men of virtue.