时间:2022-10-03 04:53:13
动词不定式的一般形式为“to +动词原形”,但在使用中我们常需将其中的to省去。那么,动词不定式何时需要省略to呢?
1.与助动词do,does,did和情态动词can, may, must, will(ought to除外)等构成合成谓语时。例如:
How do you usually come to school?
你通常怎样来上学?
You must leave now.
你必须马上离开。
2.用在“Will / Would you please...?”句型中。例如:
Will you please give the book to Tom?
请你把这本书给汤姆好吗?
Would you please go with us?
请和我们一起去好吗?
3.与固定词组had better, had best, would rather, would rather(sooner)...than, cannot(help)but等构成合成谓语时。例如:
You’d better stay in bed.
你最好卧床。
He would rather have water.
他宁愿喝水。
4.在以why引导的特殊疑问句中,表示征求意见的时候,有时可省去助动词和主语,而使why直接与不带to的不定式连用,构成“Why(not) +不带to的不定式?”句式。例如:
Why take her here?
为什么带她到这儿来了?
Why not join us?
为什么不加入到我们当中来呢?
5.两个或更多的动词不定式连用时,如果它们在句中的语法功能相同或相近,通常只有第一个不定式带to,后面的不定式可不带to。例如:
He taught me how to read and write.
他教我怎样读和写。
Mother asked me to go and get some hot water for her.
妈妈让我给她取些热水来。
6.在感官动词feel, find, hear, listen, see, look at, notice, watch等后作宾语补足语时。例如:
I saw her cry yesterday.
昨天我看见她哭了。
I felt the earth shake.
我感到大地在震动。
注意:若变为被动语态,不定式应带to。例如:
She was seen to cry yesterday.
7.在使役动词 have,let,make等后作宾语补足语时。例如:
Let him go.
让他走。
He made the baby laugh.
他把孩子逗笑了。
注意:若变为被动语态,不定式应带to。例如:
The baby was made to laugh by him.
8.当go, come, run用在祈使句中时,后面可以跟一个不带to的不定式表示目的。例如:
Come have supper with me.
来和我一起吃晚饭吧。
Go get some hot water.
去取些热水来。
注意:这种祈使句型经常用在口语中,特别是在美国英语中。
9.当主语部分包含实意动词do时,作表语的不定式可以省略to。例如:
All I had to do is go there.
我所要做的就是去那儿。
All she did was hit him on the head.
她只是打他的头部。
注意:动词do可以是限定形式,也可以是非限定形式。如果主语部分没有实意动词do,作表语的不定式要加上to。例如:
His wish is to become a scientist.
他的愿望是成为一名科学家。
10.用在介词except,but,besides之后。其中except和but后既可以跟带to的不定式,也可以跟不带to的不定式。如果句中有实意动词do(无论do是限定形式还是非限定形式,也无论是什么时态),except和but之后习惯上用不带to的不定式;如果句中没有实意动词do,则except和but之后总是用带to的不定式。例如:
She had nothing to do but go away.
她只好走开。
He has done nothing except send for a doctor.
他除了去找医生以外,别的什么也没做。
For many years, they’ve never spoken to each other except to say “hello”.
多年来,他们除了打招呼外,彼此从不说话。
11.作动词help后的宾语或宾语补足语的不定式,带不带to 都可以。例如:
Please help me (to) do my homework.
请帮我做功课。