The impacts of higher art education on folk art innovation

Abstract. China has many forms of folk art. As the education base studying and protecting these folk art， universities should introduce curriculum of folk art in the art education， in order to train and provide talents for heritage and innovation of folk art. The majority of our universities follow the western education model， which means lack of folk art heritage education. This paper proposes to introduce the folk art into the college art education system and promote the innovation of folk art by higher art education to achieve the ultimate goal of promoting the folk art.

Keywords： art education， folk art， Higher Education.

1. Introduction

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2. Current Status of college art education

With the reform of college enrolment system， an unprecedented scale of enrolment of art institutions， lays a foundation for long-term development of art education in universities. Take 8 of the most famous Academy of Fine Arts for example， the graduates changes from 2007 to 2013 are shown in Table 1.

With people's re-selection and re-evaluation of art education and value， the research on art education increases. Most experts said that the that the purpose of education is providing talents to the society， so we need to strengthen the concept to develop and retain talents for folk art instead of simply copy the Western model of education. In cultural education， we spell and sentences in primary school， analyze the article in secondary school， analyze classical Chinese in high school， and ultimately carry our learning outcomes to real life and work. Same in art education， students learn sketching， colours， modelling， and ultimately serve the society， instead of become painting tools. We need to convert what we have learned to value.

It is an emergency to promote the inheritance and innovation by higher education. The inheritance and innovation of folk culture is to map the process which converts art creation into value to humanities. Art， the most vigorous and dynamic expression， can exactly express the idea and culture of folk art. However， folk art in our country is gradually disappearing. Commercialization and mechanization reduce living space of traditional folk artists， and weakened the innovative power of folk art. Therefore， if integrate the traditional folk art， such as grilles， shadow puppets， kites and others into the curriculum system among universities， it can not only increase the universities' character， but also provide special talents for various regions of China， the most important is to protect folk art has been marginalized. Therefore， it is necessary to introduce the folk art into higher education.

3. Analysis for the impacts of college art education on folk art innovation

There is no boundary of the culture function owing to folk art. Only by maintaining national unique artistic characteristics， can our folk art occupy a seat in the world of art. Chinese art enjoys the highest reputation in Asia， just as Greek art in Europe. China has formed a strong， persistent set of artistic traditions， among which folk art has more particularity. But the current folk art is protected， while constantly disappearing， mainly due to lack of innovation and heritage. When the folk art is introduced into professional courses， college art education will have a profound impact on innovation of folk art， mainly in the following three aspects：

First， the university will train a group of students inherit and protect folk culture， thus building thoughts and values related to sustainable development of the cultural structures. Improved Higher Art Education avoids constraints of modern education mode to students， which causes them see the surface of folk art without depiction of history and profound meanings. Educated heir of folk art can stand on a higher point for its innovation and improvement. For example， in recent years， higher educated makers of the shadow improved articulating components of shadow characters， making shadow puppets more flexible and expressive， while the traditional practitioners of folk art only retain and inherit without better innovation. Therefore higher education is able to bring folk art to a new era of innovation.

Furthermore， higher educated folk art researchers better understand the complexity and historicity of folk art， and express the two characters by better art forms， so that people around the world can appreciate the charm of our folk art. The new idea introducing folk art into higher art education classroom can help students to experience life carefully， independently think and percept， thus cultivate successor able to innovate and develop folk art. In other words， folk art and higher art education are complementary： folk art makes higher art education better meet needs， and higher art education help to increase innovation for folk art.

Finally， higher educated folk art successors can improve the expressing form of folk art. Our traditional folk art maintains a single form of artistic expression mean. It is impossible for traditional artists to integrate two different folk arts. However， the higher educated students are access to a wide variety of folk art which makes them have the ability to combine the variety of arts together， such as the face-changing in Sichuan opera is combined with Peking opera and the shadow is no longer limited to the cloth， but introduced to parent-child program and more art forms. Therefore， higher educated folk art successors can create the expressing form of folk art， making folk art get rid of regional limitation and more people understand and accept the different connotations of folk art， thus it plays a crucial role in heritage and innovation of folk art.

4. Strategies to promote folk art innovation relying on college art education

Analyzing the impacts of higher art education on the folk art， the paper suggests creating the teaching modes of folk art in the following three aspects to solve the problems in current art education.

First， we should learn folk art development experience from different areas and different ethnic， to make the university to become training base for artistic talents and protecting base for folk art. Folk art is a using art created by local people， with significant regionality， strong groupment and entertainment. We can take multi-level teaching in college art education process to train all kinds of talents， such as establish research institutions and galleries for folk art in universities， open folk art courses， or even create folk arts major， folk arts curriculum and training courses and so on. Along with the growth of folk art research team， there will be more people dedicated to folk art heritage and innovation， making folk art innovation keep pace with the times.

In additional， the curriculum improvement of the folk arts major will enlarge the population scale of the folk arts. The universities in our country can consider setting up the courses for folk arts theorems and appreciation， opening the courses introducing the local intangible cultural heritages with real experience time， holding lectures for folk arts， opening the practical courses for traditional crafts practice， and establishing the webpages or websites introducing the folk arts in campus. These can make students meet the folk arts as much as possible which will inspire the students' interest in folk arts in order to cultivate more and more talents engaging in the folk art. Currently， most famous colleges of fine arts opened the basic curriculums related folk arts. Some innovative products from the graduated students of the Chinese Academy of Design graduates have a lot of elements from folkart， such as paper cutting， embroidery， batik and clay. The students can improve the batik process to obtain more long lasting color for costume design. The clay with a modern aesthetic doctrine will draw more attentions of domestic and foreign tourists making the works from the Chinese Academy graduate the exhibition windows for Chinese folk arts.

Finally， we need to increase fun in folk art courses， and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of students， to stimulate innovation and inspiration for folk art. As we all known， boring theoretical teaching easily undermine the interesting in folk art courses. Folk artists should go to the classroom to teach students experiencing the profound meaning of folk art， make it easier to generate creative inspiration of students contacting a variety of different cultures and civilizations. So we should add folk art to our modern art education as basic teaching content， mine and learn from the folk art， establish Chinese national art self-confidence， abandon westernization art education systems， develop nationalization modern art design and establish nationalization art education systems， in order to cultivate art class professionals inheriting ethnic characteristics.

So our modern be included， tap Chinese folk art， folk art， attention to learning， establish a Chinese folk art of self-confidence， abandon Westernization art education system， the development of modern art and design concept of nationalization establish nationalization of art education system， training of national characteristics inherited professional art class talent.

Folk art display artistic soul through people and their paintings or other things. So the our folk art need professionals who better understand its meaning and spirit and higher educated professionals to inherit and innovate the expression means of folk art， thus we will have more and more successful fork art.

5. Conclusions

China has many forms of folk art. Currently， the stagnation of folk art such as shadow puppets， kites， clay and others has attracted much attention. As the education base studying and protecting these folk art， universities should introduce curriculum of folk art in the art education， in order to train and provide talents for heritage and innovation of folk art. The majority of our universities follow the western education model， which means lack of folk art heritage education. This paper proposes to introduce the folk art into the college art education system and promote the innovation of folk art by higher art education to achieve the ultimate goal of promoting the folk art.

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