by用法扫描

时间:2022-09-29 02:41:17

在初中英语课本中,by十分常见。现将其主要用法进行归纳,供同学们参考。

一、作介词

1. 表示位置,相当于besides, near, about, around等,意为“在……旁边;靠近”。如:

Our teacher is standing by the window.

我们的老师正站在窗户旁边。

His mobile phone is on the table by the bed.

他的手机在床边的桌子上。

2. 表示时间,相当于no later than,意为“到……时候;不迟于”。如:

Bob will be all right by supper.

到晚饭时鲍勃就会没事的。

Will you please finish the work by Wednesday?

请你在星期三之前完成工作,好吗?

3. 表示方法、手段,可译为“用;凭借;通过;乘坐”等。如:

I study English by listening to the tape.

我通过听录音学习英语。

The hospital is far from here. Why not go there by taxi?

医院离这里很远,为什么不坐出租车去呢?

提示:by, with和in均可表示方法或手段,但它们在用法上有很大区别。

(1)by指乘交通工具等,后面常接表示交通工具的单数名词,这一单数名词前不加冠词。如:

I usually go to school by bike.

我通常骑自行车去上学。

(2)with表示某人做某事时所用的具体的工具或手段等。如:

We see with our eyes, and hear with our ears.

我们用眼睛看,用耳朵听。

(3)in表示用语言或笔等,名词前不加冠词,通常强调结果。如:

Was the letter written in pen?

这封信是用钢笔写的吗?

4. 表示标准或尺度,意为“按照;根据”。如:

What’s the time by your watch?

你的表显示现在几点了?

In the market, vegetables are sold by kilogram.

在市场上,蔬菜是以千克为单位出售的。

5. 表示身体的某一部位,常与seize, take, hold, shake等连用,意为“用;依靠”。如:

We hold the elephant by its teeth.

我们握住了那头大象的牙。

The teacher shook the guest by the hand.

老师握着客人的手。

6. 表示行为的主体,常用于被动语态,意为“被……;由……”。如:

English is spoken by many people in the world.

英语被世界上很多人讲。

The novel was written by Lu Xun.

这部小说是鲁迅写的。

二、作副词

1. 表示移动的方向,意为“经过;沿着”。如:

We went by the post office when we went to his house.

我们去他家时路过邮局。

He walked by without noticing me.

他从旁边走过,没有注意到我。

2. 表示位置,相当于near, nearby, around,意为“在附近”。如:

I found a lot of people stand by, watching what was happening.

我发现许多人站在附近,观看发生了什么。

3. 表示“(时间的)过去”。如:

Time went by so slowly after she had gone away.

自从她离开之后,时间过得好慢。

Now that the winter was by, there was no more danger of snow.

冬天过去了,再也没有下雪的危险了。

三、用于某些固定短语

1. 用作插入语。by the way意为“顺便问一下”。如:

By the way, would you like to play football?

顺便问一下,你想踢足球吗?

2. 与反身代词连用。by oneself意为“单独;独自”。例如:

Grandpa is ill. You can’t leave him by himself at home.

爷爷生病了,你不能把他独自留在家里。

3. 与far连用。by far意为“……得多;尤其;更;最”,修饰比较级和最高级,起加强语气的作用。如:

Ithinkthisbookisbyfarthemostinteresting of all.

我觉得这本书是所有书中最有趣的。

4. 用于重叠词。by and by意为“不久以后;一会儿”,one by one意为“一个接一个”,little by little意为“一点儿一点儿地”,step by step意为“一步一步地”,day by day意为“日复一日地”。这些短语在句中常作状语。如:

By and by, we knew each other and made friends each other.

不久后,我们彼此认识并且成了朋友。

The people came into the cinema one by one.

人们一个接一个地走进电影院。

That ship sank little by little.

那艘船渐渐沉了下去。

When we learn to do something, we must do it step by step.

当我们学做某件事时,必须一步一步地来。

Day by day he seems to grow a little stronger.

他似乎一天天地强壮起来。

5. 与mistake连用。by mistake意为“犯错;弄错”。如:

I took his umbrella by mistake.

我错拿了他的伞。

4. 与chance / accident连用。by chance / accident意为“偶然地”。如:

She found the truth by chance / accident.

她偶然发现了事情的真相。

[练一练]根据汉语提示完成句子。

1. David sat down just _______ (紧靠门).

2. We celebrate the Chinese New Year _______ (通过互相赠送礼物).

3. What time is it _______ (根据你的手表)?

4. Jay Chou is popular. So he _______ (被许多中学生喜欢).

5. The teacher asked the students to leave the classroom _______ (一个接一个).

6. He passed _______ (从我身边).

7. The baby is too young. You can’t leave her _______ (单独) at home.

8. _______ (顺便说一声), he is a top student.

9. I go to work _______ (乘公共汽车).

10. We can finish the job _______ (晚饭前).

Key: 1. by the door 2. by giving presents to each other 3. by your watch 4. is liked by many middle school students 5. one by one6. by me7. by herself8. By the way9. by bus10. by supper time

上一篇:吴小莉的学生时代 下一篇:否定形式,肯定含意

文档上传者