社区高血压患者中医体质类型的分析

[摘要] 目的 了解社区高血压患者的体质特点，探讨其影响因素与中医体质类型的关系，为高血压防治提供依据。 方法 调查社区居民494例，其中高血压患者202例，通过统一制定的体质辨识表进行中医体质辨识，对高血压和非高血压人群体质进行比较，并对不同性别、不同年龄、体重指数及血压控制达标与否等因素与体质类型的关系进行分析。 结果 ①高血压组与非高血压组体质类型构成比差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。②高血压组男性痰湿质高于女性，女性阳虚质高于男性，其差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。③高血压组通过药物治疗，平和质体质人群的血压达标率明显高于非达标组（P < 0.01）。 结论 高血压病患者的病理体质特点是以阳虚质为主，男性与女性患者比较，阳虚质与痰湿质的构成比有显著性差异；平和质体质人群疗效较好。这些，提示了社区高血压患者中医体质类型的一些特征，为防治高血压提供依据。

[关键词] 社区；高血压；中医体质类型

[中图分类号] R544.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2012）07（b）-0089-03

Analysis of traditional Chinese medicine constitution type of hypertensive patients in community

HUANG Zhigang LI Meiting

Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine of Liwan District in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510130, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the constitution feature of hypertensive and discuss the relation between influencing factors and TCM constitution type, in order to provide theoretical bases for prevent and control hypertension. Methods 494 people in community were investigated, and there were 202 cases with hypertensives. The TCM constitution between hypertensive and non-hypertensive were examined and compared via the unified standard. What's more, the relations between constitution type and factors as different sex, different age, weight index and the blood pressure reach the standard or not were analyzed. Results ①The composition ratio of constitution type has no significant differences between hypertensive group and non-hypertensive group (P > 0.05). ②In the hypertensive group, the male phlegm-dampness constitution has markedly higher than that of female, and the female yang-deficiency constitution has markedly higher than that of male (P < 0.01). ③In the hypertensive group, the people with the peace constitution after treatment by drug, the standard-reaching rate has markedly higher than that of non-reaching group (P < 0.01). Conclusion The yang-deficiency constitution is the major Pathological constitution for hypertensive, yang-deficiency constitution and phlegm-dampness constitution have a significant differences between male and female; the people with peace constitution has a better efficacy, those results show the TCM constitution feature of hypertensive and provide theoretical bases for prevent and control hypertension.

[Key words] Hypertension; Community; TCM constitution type

高血压是一种常见、多发的慢性病，也是心脑血管疾病的危险因素，目前，全国高血压患者约有2亿人。中医理论认为高血压与体质因素有关[1]，主要表现在先天秉赋、形体性质和发病年龄三个方面，大部分高血压患者，其发病与患者的先天秉赋有关。多因素综合作用下形成的高血压，其各种影响因素也可对患者的体质类型产生影响。为此，笔者对广州市荔湾区华林街社区494名居民进行中医体质辨证分型，拟寻找高血压患者中医体质类型的特征，为防治高血压提供依据。