Constructing an efficient mechanism of managing the floating high-risk populatio

Abstract. The crimes of the migrant workers account 80%---86% of the total urban crimes, and focus on the violence and the crimes against property. The high-risk population lives in the uncertainty, and their life is impermanent, obviously in a state of disorder. The general living conditions are generally poor, with highly dense close-knit habitation. They are mostly engaged in the dirty, bitter, unskilled, dangerous, tired and other low-end and temporary work, with high labor intensive, but lower income, and they are prone to injury and other accidents. They are mostly in the bottom of the society, and they have little identity of the city, with a lack of the sense of belongings, and their social stability "ignition" is low. We should place the emergency management of the flowing high-risk population in the big pattern to create a safe China, and to construct the public security system, and establish the location. We should play the role of the stabilizer of the social policies, and play the function of the safety net of the social management security systems. We should accelerate the economic development and the new rural construction, to reduce high-risk groups from the sources. We should strengthen the control of the labor market, reducing the high-risk population due to the blind flow of the labor forces. We should strengthen the information management, the classification management and the organization, management, to realize the effective control of the high-risk groups. We should strengthen the service, relief and rights for the high-risk groups, to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the migrant population. We should strengthen the management of the floating population and other infrastructure work, to put the group into the management systems of the government and the society.

Keywords: Construction; floating high-risk population; management; efficient mechanism

1. Characteristics of the flowing high-risk population

In recent years, the security incidents, the sudden crisis, and the terrorist attacks happen frequently. Among them, the crimes of the migrant workers account 80%-86% of the total urban crimes, and focus on the violence and the crimes against property. 85% of the kidnapping and 29% of the gun cases are conducted by the floating population, and in the intentional injuries, intentional homicides, kidnapping and other crimes, the following personnel account for 85.88%, while in the theft, robbery, snatch and other crimes, the flowing population account for 80.7%. Some criminals lead to gang crimes and have evolved into the organizations with the nature of the underworld society because of the "hometown", such as the Wang Daquan gang oppressing the fellow of the same trade in the flower market in Guangzhou, and the Li Zhong bang in Chongqing who were born in Heng Mountain, Hunan.

Among the floating population, those who are 16 ~ 45 years old account for 90%, and those who are over 45 years old are less than 10%, while a few are the following youth under 16 years old. Those who have the illiteracy and a junior secondary education account for 87.6%, and those who have the high school and college education account for 12%, while those who have a college education account for 0.4%. Among them, the high-risk population account for about 9% of the floating population. The situation of the low degree of education cannot be transformed and promoted in the short term through the education and training. Due to the lack of labor skills and the means of livelihood, they are unable to adapt to the changing situations, and their employment is narrow, with the characteristics of low level and low standard of the employment. They are mostly engaged in the dirty, bitter, unskilled, dangerous, tired and other low-end and temporary work, with high labor intensive, but lower income and they are prone to injury and other accidents. For example, in Guangzhou "6 ・ 29" explosive accident, the victims are mostly the migrant workers, who are mainly engaged in the sheet and metal processing, and other unlicensed production and management. These people often walk on the edge of the illegal crimes to make a living, which are easy onto the criminal path. There are 223 thousand personnel registered in Guangzhou without the fixed occupation. Apart from those who go and seek refuge with their relatives and friends, most of them are the social idle personnel, generally with no proficiency in a particular line, and they lack the fixed source of living. The civil administration departments succor about 32000 passengers of the vagrants and beggars, among whom the proportion of the disabled, the minors, and the elderly accounts for a larger proportion. The two groups are in the bottom of the city life, can they cannot enjoy the minimum living guarantee, and they are marginalized by the city life. Once losing the source of life, they are extremely easy to commit crimes or violations.

The high-risk population lives with the uncertainty, and their life is impermanent, and their social mobility has certain blindness. In the process of the flow, not only are they temporarily freed from the organization and management systems of the government and the society, but they also do not have the formal and specified organization systems formed in the group, obviously in a state of disorder. The group is free from the city management systems, and lacks the social identity and care, and is the edge and vulnerable group in the city life and the labor market. The majority of them come from the countryside, and their concept of local habits is ingrained. Their information sources, channels to make a living, behaviors and ways of communication mainly depend on the social relation network with the geography, native lot, and affinity as the knots, with the obvious local characteristics. For the needs of the maintenance of rights and interests, and seeking a sense of identity and belonging, they often "stick together" and live in a compact community, mutually help, combine into various local groups, and form the common life circle, and some form of "village of the same county". The floating population of Guangzhou is concentrated in the rural-urban fringe zones, "villages in cities", and the rural areas in Baiyun, Panyu, Tianhe, Haizhu and other districts. Among them, there is a total of 16 streets (towns) with 100 thousand migrant workers, with a total of 2.38 million migrant workers. This phenomenon of "sticking together" and living in a compact community is very prominent in the rural-urban fringe zones and the districts of villages in the city in the Pearl River Delta. For example, in Shenzhen, there are more than 600 "villages of the same county" with more than a thousand people, and there are 15 big "villages of the same county" with more than ten thousand people. In Xintang area of Zengcheng, the Hunan, Sichuan, and Guangxi nationals account for 43% of the migrant workers in Xintang area, forming the "Ning Xi Village" and other regional groups. Around the Zhongda Cloth Market in Haizhu, there is the "Hubei village", and in the Tangxia area of Tianhe, there is the "Henan village".

The living means of the high-risk population can be roughly divided into five categories: the first is the low-end coolie practitioners, including the temporary workers, casual laborers, and seasonal workers in construction, road repair, installation of water and electricity, transportation, housing decoration and other industries, accounting for about 43% of the total. The second is the gray practitioners, including the peddlers, motorcycle passengers, and the practitioners operating without a license, posting the "psoriasis", illegally exchanging the foreign currency, chaos Hawking, and those in the undocumented underground workshops, Internet cafes, shops and clinics, and intermediary industries, accounting for about 37% of the total. The third is the begging and scavengers, including the street performers, flowers, cleaning and other disguised beggars, accounting for about 9% of the total. The fourth is the unemployed, hanging out drinking and eating, including those selling cry funerals, beaten out, and fortune telling to maintain their livelihood, accounting for about 8% of the total. The fifth is the lawbreakers and criminals engaged in robbery and cheat, pornography, fake and other activities, among whom, some also constitute criminal gangs to commit crimes of various kinds, accounting for about 3% of the total.

The general living conditions of the high-risk population are harsh, with high density. And most live in the cheap rental houses in the suburban areas and the villages in the cities and a part of them live in the unfinished buildings and the temporary shacks they build themselves. There are few in the streets, under the bridges, and in the tunnels and so on. On the urban and rural integration areas, in the "villages in cities", and the rural areas, there often appears the trade margin of the migrant workers, and the same geographical settlement (such as the taxi industry, the sanitation workers, the manufacturing industry, the logistics and transport industry etc.), and this kind of crowd is easy to "get together", which has brought great pressure to the maintenance of the stability.

The high-risk population is mostly in the bottom of the society, and they have a little city identity, with a lack of the sense of belongings, and their "ignition" of the social stability is low. Generally they are filled with the grievances and resentment for the gap between the rich and the poor, and the social injustice. Once the "wind sways the grass", although there is no direct interest and conflict with the events, as long as there are people to take the lead, they will rally together to respond to it, and contact with each other, which is extremely easy to vent their dissatisfaction with the society and even the fish in troubled waters in the extreme way, reflecting the complex state of mind of the hostility of the masses at the bottom to the management, the government and the rich and the desire that the government and the government departments concern to interest groups. The event of "6 ・11" gathering a crowd and making disturbances in the DA Dun Village of Zengcheng, Guangzhou is a typical example. In addition, although the number of the foreign minority people of Hui nationality in Xinjiang and Qinghai is not large, they have a close relationship with each other, and get on very well. Once something happens, often they will rapidly transmit the information, and quickly convene the villagers and gather together, which will become the important population of the troublemakers of the ethnic minority staff.

2. Management strategies for the flowing

high-risk population

The management system of the flowing high-risk population is poorly coordinated, with a lack of comprehensive management mechanisms, and there is not enough communication, and there is a lack of integration of regions. The emergency resources are low in efficiency, and they easily act of their own free wills, which is difficult to form unified response ability. The detailed means of the high-risk population management are missing. The management and control abilities of the grass-roots units of the government are insufficient. The legislation seriously lags behind, and the existing control and management concepts, mechanisms, and methods cannot adapt to the needs of the practices. After the occurrence of the emergency incidents, the disposal is passive, and the cost is high, which shows the malignant chain reaction. We should place emergency management of the flowing high-risk population in the pattern to create a safe China, and construct the public security system, and establish the location.

The occurrence of unexpected events of the flowing high-risk population is related to the upheaval of the social structures in the transitional period, and therefore, the management of the state on this kind of crises should be achieved through perfecting the legal security and the operational mechanisms. In view of the flowing high-risk population is not only the vulnerable group, but also the main troublemakers, we should play the role of the stabilizer of the social policies, and play the safety net function of the system of the social management security. Prevention occupies an important position in the process of responding to the sudden incidents of the flowing high-risk population. We should accelerate the economic development and the new rural construction, to reduce the generation of the high-risk groups from the source. We should strengthen the control of the labor market, and reduce the high-risk population due to the blind flow of the labor. We should strengthen information management, the classification management and the organization, management, and realize the effective control of the high-risk groups. We should strengthen the service, relief and protection of the high-risk groups. In addition, we should draw lessons from the related legal systems of the legal status.

We should further safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the floating population, protect the inter-province interactive rights protection mechanisms of the floating population covering the high-risk population, strengthen the policy participation, the law enforcement and the judicial relief, further improve the rights protection mechanisms. And we should strengthen the extension services, crack down on the illegal and criminal activities of the personal property rights infringement of the floating population, and improve the judicial relief and the legal aid, and active use of the judicial means to uphold justice.

Strengthen the management of the floating population and other infrastructure work, and put this group into the government and the social management systems. Further strengthen the work of the basic information collection of the floating personnel, play the role of the grass-roots level and the social power, strengthen the management of the community groups of the "village of the same county" of the floating population. Include the blind spots and the gaps of the foreign population management in the scope of the community management, establish the organizations of the Party groups of the floating population in some larger communities, and play the role of organization and coordination in the maintenance of stability. Actively investigate and resolve various social contradictions and disputes involving the flowing population and the unstable factors, to prevent the intensification of the contradiction between the high-risk groups and the local residents and the government departments.

Closely control the standpoints and venues of the high-risk population, vigorously renovate the unqualified rental housing, and remove the hidden dangers. Implement the housing rental registration system, focus on the cleanup and rectification of the sites, shacks, and unfinished building sites that the high-risk population easily settle, and strengthen the security administration of the stations, wharfs, grocery stores, markets and other fields as well as the handling, the business, entertainment and other service industries.

3. Acknowledgements

This paper is the periodical achievement of the major research project of humanities and social sciences in Guangdong in 2013: "Prevention and disposal of the emergence of medical dispute", hosted by Ma Jianwen.

References

[1] Liu Zhibin, Li Jinwen, Deng Huan. Investigation of the stability safeguarding key areas of the outsiders -- mass unexpected incident easily leading to the non direct interest claims, Guangzhou public security work, 2013, 6

[2] Liu Zhibin, Li Jinwen. An investigation of aggregation of the foreign fellow workers in Guangzhou, Study of Guangzhou public security work, 2014, 1

[3] Flowing population management office in Guangzhou. Research report on the strengthening of the service and management of the floating people and the rental housing, The internal presentation in 2012