浅谈宾语从句之教法

宾语从句在英语教学中占有重要的位置，因此我采用句子结构操练法来教学，效果比较好。这种方法能方便学生易于明确宾语从句的概念，易于掌握成句的方法，提高学生运用和掌握宾语从句的能力。现将这几种方法归纳如下:

一、以旧带新，明确概念

I like________.把此句写在黑板上，让学生划分句子成分，并说出横线部分在句中做什么成分。然后根据学生所学过的知识，引导学生说出哪些词类可填入句中的横线上充当宾语，让学生举出例子，并归纳、操练全句。

1.名词：Englishmy motherstory

-books …

2.代词：themitthis oneher…

3.动名词或其短语：dancingplaying basketball…

4.不定式或其短语：to clean the roomto watch TV…

在此基础上，引导学生把完整的句子填到横线上，得到的这个句子就是宾语从句。

二、操练句型，掌握用法

能填在横线上的宾语从句有：陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。

1.陈述句

陈述句填到横线上做宾语要用that引导，词序是“that +陈述句”。操练填句：

I think__________.

T: He works hard.

S: I think that he works hard.

T: He is happy.

S: I think that he is happy.

T: The boy isn’t fifteen.

S: I don’t think that the boy is fifteen.

（说明:think做谓语时,宾语从句的否定句通常前移到主句上。）

2.一般疑问句

一般疑问句填在横线上做宾语时,要用引导词whether,口语中常用if；且一般疑问句的语序要用陈述句语序。其语序是：“whether(if) +由一般疑问句变成的陈述句。”操练填句:

Could you tell me_________?

T: Is she a student?

S1: Whether she is a student.

S2: Could you tell me whether she is a student.

T: Does it snow in winter in Australia?

S1: If it snows in winter in Australia.

S2: Could you tell me if it snows in winter in Australia?

T: Have they finished the work?

S1: If they have finished the work.

S2: Could you tell me if they have finished the work?

3.特殊疑问句

特殊疑问句填在横线上做宾语时,不需要引导词，因为疑问词本身就是引导词。但有两种情况需要注意:

（1）疑问词在句中做主语或主语的定语,这种特殊疑问句的语序与陈述句相同,可直接填在横线上做宾语(there be句型除外)。操练填句:

I don’t know________.

T: Who is your sister?

S: I don’t know who is your sister.

T: Which story is more interesting?

S: I don’t know which story is more interesting.

T: How many of them are going to the USA?

S:I don’t know how many of them are going to the USA.

（2）疑问词在句中做其他成分或其他成分的定语、状语时，该特殊疑问句的语序可看成是“疑问词+(所修饰的词)+ 一般疑问句”的语序。因此，其做宾语时的语序是：“疑问词+(所修饰的词)+ 由其他部分变成的陈述句”。操练填句：

Do you know_________?

T: Which film do they like?

S1: Which film they like?

S2: Do you know which film they like?

T: What is he doing?

S1: What he is doing?

S2: Do you know what is he doing?

T: How old is he sister?

S1: How old her sister is?

S2: Do you know how old her sister is?

T: How many people are there in his family?

S1: How many people there are in his family?

S2: Do you know how many people there are in his family?

三、变换时态，注意呼应

一般来说，如果主句是一般现在时，其从句便不受主句的时态限制，根据情况用相应的时态。但如果主句的时态是一般过去时，那它的时态要用相应的过去时态，表示客观真理的句子除外。操练填句：

I wondered _________.

T: None of them are happy.

S1: None of them were happy.

S2: I wondered that none of them were happy.

T: Have they cleaned the classroom?

S1: If they had cleaned the classroom？

S2: I wondered if they had cleaned the classroom.

T: How did he enjoy the work?

S1: How he had enjoyed the work?

S2: I wondered how he hard enjoyed the work.

T: Why does the earth go round the sun?

S1: Why the earth goes round the sun?

S2: I wondered why the earth goes round the sun.

T: Where will she go?

S1: Where she would go?

S2: I wondered where she would go.

四、抓住要点，便于记忆

为了使学生便于记忆，加深理解，我归纳如下要点：

1.宾语从句的语序是引导词 + 陈述句语序。

2.引导词的种类及其异同：引导由陈述句构成的宾语从句，无词义在句中不做句子成分，可省略；whether或if引导由一般疑问句构成的宾语从句，词义为“是否”，在从句中不做句子成分，不可省略；疑问词做引导词，引导由特殊疑问句构成的宾语从句，有各自的词义，在句中充当句子成分，不可省略。

3.当主句的时态为过去时态时，宾语从句的时态受主句时态的限制。

这些通过例句进行归纳的要点，便于学生理解和记忆，运用起来也就容易得多，效果比较好。

（作者单位：克东县昌盛第2中学）