On The Reasonable Demands of The University Students' Education Of Civic Awarene

（1. Xiangzhu Liang (1981 -), female, Changchun, JiLin Province, China, The City College of JiLin Architectural and Civil Engineering Institute ,Ideological and Political Theory Teaching and Research Department, Lecturer, LLM, research direction: Ideological and political and legal education.

2. Guifang Wang (1951 -), female, Changchun, Changchun, JiLin Province, China, The City College of JiLin Architectural and Civil Engineering Institute, Ideological and Political Theory Teaching and Research Department Director, Professor, research direction: Ideological and Political Education.

3. Qian Wang(1964 -), male, Changchun, JiLin Province, China, The City College of JiLin Architectural and Civil Engineering Institute, Foundation director, Professor.）

Abstract. Civic awareness is a product of modern constitution which emerges with the appearance of the modern state. It refers to the conscious awareness that citizens have their own position in the country which can share rights and undertake obligations. Its connotation is a system. The education of civic awareness is completed through the combination of school, society, family and other social channels. It is a process of socialization and re-socialization. College students are the main part of the construction in the modern harmonious society. The development of college students' civic awareness will be significant to construct the harmonious society and promote the process of national law. However, there still lacks the sense of civic awareness in the current population of college students, which appears the lack of sense of responsibility and the scarcity of the moral sense. Therefore, it is reasonable to strengthen the demands of college students' civic awareness education. This paper is a preliminary study on the connotation, significance, modern status, causes and measures of college students' civic awareness.

Key words: Citizens; Citizenship; College students; Education of citizen awareness

The civic awareness refers to the consciousness of their national status, rights and obligations. It is formed with the concept of citizenship which is a product of modern constitution. The education of modern civic awareness is a topic which the world all focuses on. It is closely linked to China's modernization which has significance to cultivate and promote the civic awareness and construct the harmonious society, while the civic awareness of college students dominates the entire national education.

1 The Content Of The Civic Awareness And The Education Of Civic Awareness

The civic awareness and the education of civic awareness are rich in content. Generally speaking, it is performed from the following aspects:

First, the subjective consciousness of the citizens is the basic content. The education of civic awareness is a main mask to cultivate the national masters and spirit.

Second, the core connotation of civic awareness is the awareness of rights and obligations. The education of civic awareness is to cultivate the awareness of rights and obligations as the core and the good citizens which establish the rule of law as ' equality, fairness, freedom, justice ' as the goal.

Third, an extension of the civic awareness is the first awareness of citizens, the important content of education of civic awareness is to promote the development of social civilization and construct the harmonious society. The specific contents are as follows:

1.The basic contents of civic awareness is the awareness of the citizens. The awareness of the citizens refers to the conscious awareness as the national citizens own their status, value and initiation.[1] The French thinker Rousseau came up with the opinion that each member of the nation became a community according to the contract, who is a citizen to share sovereignty with sovereigns.[2] Alex Inkeles, the American well-known scholar, especially emphasizes in his study that the civic awareness in the modernization is the basic quality of a modern man who is an active participant in the society. The basic conditions are the participated citizens when various kinds of national mechanism work normally. The Constitution of China also clearly stipulates the rights to take part in the management of the national society for the citizens.

2. The core of the civic awareness is the awareness of rights and obligations. The famous ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle defined the core of the citizen connotation is that the citizen play the social and political role. After he establishes the identity as a member of the nation and the society, he can share the citizen rights and undertake the obligation that relies on the contractual relationship with the society. It can clearly be seen that every citizen should get to know that they have the full protection of the Constitution and the laws for their rights and freedom. Chinese law has given many rights to its citizens, such as the personal rights, the rights of life, the rights of health and so on. Especially CPC (Central Committee congress) has reported that the citizens own the political rights of participation, the political rights of expression, the political rights to know, the political rights of supervision and so on. Therefore, the citizens have the civic awareness while they have the awareness of rights. Meanwhile, the citizens also undertake the obligations; it means that the awareness of rights and obligations are inseparable. There will be no obligations without rights. There will also be no rights without obligations. If you simply focus on the awareness of rights without obligations, the realization of rights will become empty. But if you simply emphasize the awareness of obligations without the guarantee of the citizens' proper rights, then the awareness of rights will become pale and it's very difficult to work.

3.The important contents of the civic awareness is the moral awareness of citizens. The connotation of citizen's moral awareness is very rich; it does not only include the social ethic awareness but also include the sense of cooperation, the sense of environment protection, and the sense of civilization and so on. Therefore, these can become the epitaxial reading contents of the civic awareness. The education of civic moral awareness should concentrate on the unity of the individual moral construction and the overall civil construction, because the education of civic awareness is the overall education, which includes both the improvement of individual moral qualities and the gradual improvement of the society's civil degree. The relationships between them are interacted and complemented.

2 The Significance Of The College Students' Civic Awareness Education

In the past 20 years, Chinese society has undergone tremendous changes in transition from the traditional industrial society to a modern society. There will accordingly be changes in the people's life. Meanwhile, it put forward the new demands of the citizens' quality and the gradual improvement of the citizen qualities also react to the social progress and changes. There are mainly the following significance to strengthen the college students' civic awareness education.

2.1. It is conducive to construct the harmonious society. "People-oriented" is the core of the harmonious society while construct the harmonious society is to construct the modern society.

It is a complex of the market economy and the promoted democracy. The formation of modern civic awareness is the psychological basis of the modern society. The systematic education of civic awareness can improve the self-quality of the college students which can lead them to devote to the construction of the harmonious society. College students will function as the pioneers to construct the modern society.

2.2. It is conducive for the college students' ideological education to transform from the traditional education to modernization.

China's high education in the past is elite education, few university students were looked on as elite, compared with their peers, they have the incomparable superiority who have received high education and have good social status. They engaged in the excellent career. The traditional education mainly focuses on the political task, which drives the contents of the education to pay more attention to the political ideology while ignoring the basic demands of the citizens. With the development and deepening of China's Reform and Opening-up, Chinese society has undergone tremendous changes. Society has transformed from traditional planned economy to market economy and also shifts from an agricultural society to industrial society. The development of IT (Information technology) makes the society to transform into modernization faster. During the complicated transition period, high education turned the elite education into mass education, college students have become the ordinary citizens but not the social elites, while many college students are not aware of this change and still in the misunderstanding of the social elites which causes psychological imbalance. The need for the education of civic awareness is highlighted. It is to form a qualified citizen based on the basic requirements for the basic orientation and position in the authority of the state, the law, public interests.[3]

3 The Current Situation And The Analysis Of The College Students' Civic Awareness

Objectively speaking, the majority of college students have strong sense of civic awareness. They concern about the development of the Reform and Opening-up; they attach importance the national interests and have a sense of equality and value the production of individual rights; they pay attention to the formation and development of citizen first awareness and so on. However, there are still parts of the college students confused about the concept of the citizenship and their civic awareness is weak. It mainly reflected that they are indifferent to the national sense and the lack of the citizen obligation awareness and the scarcity of the announcement awareness. The main reasons to cause the weak moral awareness of the college students are as follows:

3.1. The mentality of the traditional agricultural society hinders the development of the civic awareness.

China has experienced feudal society more than 2000 years. The traditional feudal thought is deeply rooted in the family awareness which greatly weaken the individual-oriented, self-independent, democratic and free. It advocates ' Power is all ' rather than ' Right is all '.It complies with the thinking of obligations rather than the ' rights-based ' thinking. The thinking of obligations caused negative psychology to participate in the politics. The rate of political participation is low and they have a strong sense of political apathy. They are not proactive to defend self-interest. This negative psychological precipitation has a negative impact on our nations. And Chinese traditional society infrastructure is a private-contacted society which is only limited to family members and acquaintances. It is completely unfamiliar with the rules of public area. Especially China is now in a shift from the ‘agricultural-oriented’ familiar society to ‘industrial and commercial-oriented’ indifferent society. The mentality of traditional agriculture doesn’t easily collapse which will hinder the development of civic awareness.

3.2. The weakening of the excellent traditional culture has melted in the western thoughts, finally results in the loss of the civic awareness.

Chinese education have long been opposed to the dregs of the traditional culture, but there also abandoned its essence. A lot of Chinese virtues can not be seen from the modern people. The western culture has gradually influenced since the reform and opening-up. Western thoughts such as the concept of democracy, the rule of law, fairness, justice and effectiveness have actively functioned. But every coin has two sides, the western culture brings the advanced education theory and thoughts while carries some positive information, such as extreme individualism, money worship, hedonism and so on. With the rapid development of the Internet, the young people have attracted by its diversity and enjoyment of the English culture invasion. They accept the positive opinions and way of life unwittingly. The lack of college’s systematic civic awareness has lowered its effectiveness of the education. It is mainly performed in the following two aspects:

First, colleges and universities lack a complete education system of civic awareness. The educations of civic awareness haven’t formed a scientific, complete, systematic, standardized, relatively stable education system so far, while it can be mainly reflected from the education of politics incompletely, and the education of politics doesn’t seem important to the college students. They just learn the contents in order to meet the exam. Second, the means of the civic awareness education are single and boring and also lack social practice. In the modern times, the education of civic awareness has the way of theory-teaching which is not complete. Although the college students are the citizens who are aged 18, but there are part of the students haven’t experienced how to be citizens, they even if haven’t took part in the election. Some other students have participated in the democratic elections but they lack the sense of citizen rights. They voted without knowing the candidates and they don’t feel sacred and honored to fulfill the citizen rights as the citizens. In contrast, the practices of some countries are worth learning. For example, NEA (National Education Association) of the United States in 1916, have come up with the suggestion report that they should construct the education of civic awareness to the national schools. It signifies the American civil awareness has transformed the political education into the training and development of the citizens. Another example is the British Government will regularly send public officials to conduct civic education, for example, the police give a lecture to the students about what is a crime, how to self-defense, the mayor will be invited to explain the functions of government agencies and the operating mechanism and so on. The schools also hold mock elections to enhance the authenticity and identity of the students’ personal experience.

4 The Measures To Complete The Education System Of College Students’ Civic Awareness

4.1. Enhance the national consciousness and the education of national consciousness.

The contents of national consciousness education have covered the education of patriotism and national spirit. In the modern society, the concept of citizenship refers to a man with a nationality of a country. People survive under the specific nation, so the education of civic awareness can not live without the education of patriotism and national spirit. The Chinese nation has formed the core of patriotism as unity, peace, intelligence, braveness and self-improvement which lead to thousands years’ rich cultural heritage. It provides the moving resources to carry forward and inherit the national spirit for the education of college students’ civic awareness. It embodies the survival relationship between the individual and the nation. The citizens should agree with the state and the law, they should be loyal to their countries and do their obligation to defend the country. The citizens can enhance patriotism and regulate behaviors in the daily life only by clearly knowing the self-status in the country.

4.2. Strengthen the sense of college students’ responsibility.

Rousseau emphasized: the so-called obligation is the commitment or promise that can connect us with the society. It is mandatory because the relationship is mutual. It embodies that the obligation is a guarantee or promise to others in the society but not free. Max has pointed out that you have the stipulations and mask as a man in the society. This task is occurred because of the connection with your need and the modern world. [4]The sense of responsibility is existed on the basis of common interests, when the common interests come to a conflict, to ensure the common interests and the normalization of society. It is necessary for the citizens to sacrifice the small part of self-interests to guarantee the common interests. It is a support of the civil rights awareness. The rights guarantee of the members will sacrifice other members' obligations. The sharing rights and the undertaking obligations are fulfilled each other in order to preserve self-rights.

Therefore, to strengthen the awareness of responsibility and make the college students to understand self's role and status and gradually self-denied to make one become a moral person who can undertake obligations consciously. It can lead the college students' civic awareness direct toward the justice and highlight the power of morality.

4.3. Carry forward the traditional morality and culture vigorously

Citizens do not exist beyond any political areas. They survive under the specific nations and peoples. A man with sense of responsibility, patriotism should have rich cultural heritage. Therefore, civic awareness education is consistent with the fine tradition of ethical culture. Only by this can we train the citizens to have patriotism and good moral character. We carry forward the excellent culture and patriotism which embody the concentration of college- -students' civic awareness and civic obligations. During the economic globalization period, national cultures collapse each other. Only by carrying forward the traditional morality and culture vigorously can we eliminate the negative impact of adverse factors in the foreign culture. Only by this can we enhance the college students' national awareness, pride, mission and a strong patriotism.

5. Active in social practice

The activities of social practice are the most effective way to educate the college students' civic awareness. It plays a key role in the process of training the civic awareness. The college students only combine the theory with the action can they achieve the unity of knowledge and practice. They experience in order to better understand the connotation of the citizens and gradually improve the civic awareness and self-qualities. The citizen awareness education is completed through schools, families, society and other channels. For example, community service, military training, carry out the Service Volunteers Association and the combination of practical activities off campus, theme promotional activities and so on. These activities can help the college students understand and get to know the society and have great significance to train the served civic awareness.

6 Acknowledgments

Fund: the papers for the National Social Science Fund "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" are national general topics: information technology to promote the balanced development of regional education empirical research (2011G194) part of the research sub-topics. Subject, approved: BCA110020

References

[1] "civic awareness education research" Qizong He, China Social Sciences Press, November 2011

[2] See "social contract theory", [method] Rousseau, Beijing Publishing House, 2007 10

[3] "Students' civic awareness education ought Really, Jing Zhou," Higher ", 6, 2009

[4] "elements of structure of civic consciousness Exploration Huifang Fu, Fujian Normal University, 2012 2