高考英语单项填空题热门考点荟萃

时间:2022-09-15 08:20:15

高考英语单项填空题热门考点荟萃

分析全国及各省、市高考英语试卷,不难发现单项填空题保持了对语言基础知识的考查,侧重考查考生实际运用语言的能力,同时突出语境化、交际化的特点。本文对近几年各地高考英语试卷的单项填空题进行分析,寻找热门考点及解题规律,为师生备考提供帮助。

一、宾语从句中的虚拟语气:主语+ (should)+动词原形

【典型考例】

1. My mom suggests that we _____ eat out for a change this weekend. (2013年陕西卷)

A. should B. might C. could D. would

2. Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam _____ at the age of six months old. (2013年浙江卷)

A. was B. be C. were D. is

【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。根据语法规则,suggest和recommend后的宾语从句谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可省略,故分别选A和B。

【考点归纳】在某些动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可省略。常见的这类动词有“一个坚持”(insist),“两个命令”(order, command),“四个建议”(suggest, advise, propose, recommend )和“五个要求”(ask, require, demand, request, urge)。

二、条件句中的虚拟语气:If+主语+had done ... (或Had+主语+done),主语+ would/should/

might/could have done ... (对过去的虚拟)

【典型考例】

1.―Do you think George has passed the driving test?

―No. If so, he _____ his car to our college yesterday. (2013年福建卷)

A. would drive B. drove

C. would have driven D. had driven

2. I should not have laughed if I _____ you were serious. (2013年江苏卷)

A. thought B. would think

C. had thought D. have thought

【解析】考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的用法。题1结合语境“如果George通过驾考的话,昨天他就开车来了”,主句用would have done。题2根据主句中should not have laughed可知此处是对过去的虚拟,因此if从句中谓语用过去完成时,故答案都是C。

【考点归纳】条件句中的虚拟语气有三种:(1)If+主语+had done ... ,主语+ would/should/might/

could have done ...(表示对过去的虚拟);(2)If+主语+did/were ... ,主语+would/should/might/could do ... (表示对现在的虚拟);(3)If+主语+should do/were to do/did ...,主语+would/should/might/could do ... (表示对将来的虚拟)。如条件句中有were, had, should这三个词,则可省略if,把这三个词放到句首。

三、状语从句的省略结构:状语从句连接词+名词/形容词/副词/doing/done/to do ... +主句

【典型考例】

1. There are some health problems that, when _____ in time, can become bigger ones later on.(2013年浙江卷)

A. not treated B. not being treated

C. not to be treated D. not have been treated

2. When _____ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. (2012年安徽卷)

A. asking B. asked

C. having asked D. to be asked

【解析】考查状语从句中的省略情况。根据状语从句的省略规则,在题1空格前加上some health problems are,则容易确定答案为A;题2空格前加上Philip was,则容易确定答案为B。

【考点归纳】状语从句中的省略有两种情况:(1)如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句的谓语含有be 动词的某种形式(am, is, are, was, were),可同时省略从句的主语和be 动词;(2)如果从句中有it is/was,且无意义,则可把它们一起省略,如:If it is necessary, I will buy this dictionary.=If necessary, I will buy this dictionary.

四、倍数的表达:倍数+as ... as

【典型考例】

1. It’s said that the power plant is now _____ large as what it was.(2013年安徽卷)

A. twice as B. as twice

C. twice much D. much twice

2. This restaurant wasn’t _____ that other restaurant we went to. (2012年全国卷)

A. half as good as B. as half good as

C. as good as half D. good as half as

【解析】考查倍数的表达方式“倍数+as ... as”结构。题1句意:据说这个发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。题2句意:这家餐厅不如我们去过的其他餐厅一半好。答案都是A。

【考点归纳】用形容词表示甲是乙的几倍时,可用下面三个句型,用副词表示则一般只用前两个句型。(1)倍数+形容词(或副词)的比较级+than,表示“……比……大/长/宽……几倍”;(2)倍数+as+形容词(或 much)或副词+as,表示“……是……的几倍大小/长短/数量等”;(3)倍数+the size/length/height ... of,表示“……是……的几倍大小/长短/数量等。

如,这条河流是那条河流的五倍长。可译成:

This river is four times longer than that one.

This river is five times as long as that one.

This river is five times the length of that one.

五、强调句型:It+ is/was + ... that ...

【典型考例】

1. It was not until near the end of the letter _____ she mentioned her own plan. (2013年天津卷)

A. that B. where C. why D. when

2.It was only after he had read the papers _____ Mr Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. (2013年新课标II卷)

A. when B. that C. which D. what

【解析】考查强调句。题1考查固定句型not ... until的强调句,其句型结构为:It was not until ... that+句子。题2可还原为:Mr Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete only after he had read the papers.即可判断强调部分是状语“only after he had read the papers”。答案分别为A和B。

【考点归纳】强调句型的基本结构是“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who(指人)+句子其他部分”,被强调部分可以是除了谓语动词的其他任何成分。同时,强调结构与其他含it的结构非常相似,很容易混淆。区别办法是:如去掉It is/was ... that ...结构后句子仍然成立,则为强调句。

六、表条件的祈使句:祈使句+and/or +陈述句

【典型考例】

1. Read this story, _____ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. (2013年四川卷)

A. or B. and C. but D. so

2. Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs _____ you could have problems.(2013年北京卷)

A. or B. and C. but D. so

【解析】考查固定句型“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”。题1句意:读读这个故事,然后你就会明白并不是所有东西都能用钱买到。此处表顺承关系,故用and。题2句意:在你没有关闭所有程序之前不要关掉电脑,否则可能出现问题。此处表转折关系,故用or。

【考点归纳】“祈使句+ and/or+陈述句”相当于一个条件状语从句,and表顺承关系,而or表转折关系,or还可用or else或otherwise替换。该句型有如下两种变化形式。

(1)祈使句+破折号+陈述句,如:

Hurry up―perhaps you’ll catch the train.(赶快,也许你会赶上火车的)

(2)名词词组+and+陈述句,名词词组中通常含有more, another, further, earlier等词,如:

A few minutes more, and I could have finished the task. (要是多几分钟的话,我就可能完成这个任务了)

七、部分倒装:助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他

【典型考例】

1. Not once _____ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class. (2013年湖南卷)

A. occurred it B. it did occur

C. it occurred D. did it occur

2. Not until he went through real hardship _____ the love we have for our families is important. (2013年福建卷)

A. had he realized B. did he realize

C. he realized D. he had realized

3. “Never for a second,” the boy says, “ _____ that my father would come to my rescue.” (2013年江苏卷)

A. I doubt B. I have doubted

C. do I doubt D. did I doubt

【解析】答案分别是D, B, D。这三题分别有表否定意义的词“not, not until, never”放于句首,因此主句需要部分倒装;根据语境可知都是一般过去时。

【考点归纳】只将助动词、be动词或情态动词放到主语之前的倒装称为半倒装或部分倒装。高考常考的部分倒装有以下四种:(1)表否定意义的单词或短语放于句首,如:hardly, seldom, never, little, not, not only, in no way, by no means, in no case ...;(2)only+副词、短语或从句,用于句首表示强调;(3)以so开头的句子,表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者:so+谓语+主语,表“……也如此”;(4)以neither, nor开头的句子,表示前面否定的情况也适用于后者:neither/nor+谓语+主语,表“……也不”。

八、对过去行为的推测:情态动词+ have+ done

【典型考例】

1. The children _____ lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled. (2013年陕西卷)

A. must have got B. must get

C. should have got D. should get

2. Since nobody gave him any help, he _____ have done the research on his own. (2013年新课标II卷)

A. can B. must C. would D. need

【解析】答案分别为A和B。题1句意:孩子们一定在树林里迷路了;否则,他们会按计划到达湖边的营地了。题2句意:由于没人帮他,因此他一定是一个人做的那个研究。这两题都是对过去行为的肯定推测,因此用must have done。

【考点归纳】常见的对过去行为的推测句型有以下几种:(1)must+have+done,对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,只用于肯定句;(2)can’t/couldn’t+have+done,对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”;(3)may/might+have+done,对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经做过”或“也许已经做过”,用于肯定句中;(4)should+ have+done,意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做”,shouldn’t+have+done,意思是“本来不应该做某事,而实际做了”,含有指责对方或自责的含意;(5)need+have+done,意思是“本来需要做某事而没有做”,needn’t+have+done,则表示 “本来不需要做某事而做了”。

九、让步状语从句:no matter how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语

【典型考例】

1. One can always manage to do more things, no matter _____ full one’s schedule is in life. (2013年辽宁卷)

A. how B. what C. when D. where

2. No matter how _____ , it is not necessarily lifeless. (2011年辽宁卷)

A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may be

C. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be

【解析】答案分别是A和B。题1句意:一个人无论他的日程排得多满,总是能设法做更多的事情。空格后的full是形容词,用how修饰,构成让步状语从句。题2句意:无论沙漠多么干燥,都不会是毫无生机的。no matter how后面要跟形容词或副词,再加主语和谓语。

【考点归纳】no matter how=however,意为“无论怎样”,引导让步状语从句时,后面要跟形容词或副词,再加主语和谓语。

十、as引导的让步状语从句:名词/形容词/副词/动词+as+主语+谓语

【典型考例】

1. Hot _____ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. (2012年陕西卷)

A. although B. as C. while D. however

2. Try _____ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open. (2011年全国大纲卷)

A. if B. when C. since D. as

【解析】答案分别为B和D。题1句意:尽管夜间的空气很热,但我们睡得很沉,因为长途旅行之后我们太累了。表语hot提前,用as引导让步状语从句,although不能用于倒装结构。题2句意:尽管她尝试了,但还是打不开那扇门。动词try 提前,因此用as引导让步状语从句。

【考点归纳】as 作“虽然”讲时,要用倒装结构。主要体现在三种情况:(1)表语(名词/形容词)+as+主语+谓语(若表语是单数名词,不用不定冠词);(2)状语(副词)+as+主语+谓语;(3)动词+as+主语+谓语。

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