在真实的师生交往中开展语篇教学

时间:2022-09-14 12:55:51

在真实的师生交往中开展语篇教学

【教学内容】Mike’s report:Seasons in Canada

【教学流程】

Step 1:Greetings

T:Good morning,boys and girls.

Ss:Good morning,Miss Gong.

T:Am I a woman?

Ss:No,you aren’t. Oh,good morning,Mr Gong.

(学生平时称呼女教师用“Miss”,因此也习惯性地称呼笔者“Miss Gong”。于是,笔者笑着问学生:Am I a woman?学生们会心一笑,恍然大悟,齐声改口说“Mr Gong”。)

Step 2:Pretext teaching

T:It’s a little bit hot today. What’s the weather like in Haimen today?

S1:It’s sunny.

T:Yes, it’s sunny.

S2:It’s fine.

T:Sure, it’s fine.

(接着,笔者又分别提出了一些有关海门一年四季气候的问题与学生进行交流,为下一环节的教学活动埋下伏笔。问题的提出,直奔主题,贴近学生的生活,让学生自然习得英语。)

Step 3:Pre-reading

T:Today we’ll talk about“Seasons in Canada”. First,read the questions.

Ss:All right.

T:Now,please read the passage and answer the questions.(出示PPT)

(这里,首先出示PPT,让学生带着问题、有目的地阅读语篇,初步了解语篇的内容。)

T:Whose report is it?You,please.

S1:It’s Mike’s report.

T:Good. What’s the report about?

S2:About the seasons in Canada.

T:Where is Canada?Who knows?

(没有学生举手回答。)

T:Oh,no one knows. No one can answer the question. Now here’s a map of the world. Look at the map.(通过PPT课件,出示课前准备好的一幅世界地图。笔者指着地图中的“中国”的位置。)

T:Look. This is...(故意停顿)

Ss:China.

T:Yes. China is a country. Look,this is Japan. Japan is a country. And this is Russia. Russia is a big country.And this is the USA. The USA is a big country,too. Well,look. This is the UK. The UK is a country, but it’s not so big. It’s a small country. OK. What does“country” mean in Chinese?

S1:Country指“国家”。

T:Yes. Country means“国家”in Chinese.

T:Canada is a country. Look,it’s near the USA. It has coasts on three oceans. Look,this is the Atlantic. This is the Pacific...

(笔者通过师生的话语交往和让学生观察、体验和发现来获取信息和理解生词“country”的词义。虽然学生以前都没有学过四大洋的英语名称,四大洋的英语名称也不是这节课的教学内容,但随着笔者在地图上边指边说,学生接触了四大洋的英语名称,理解了老师对加拿大的地理位置的介绍。)

Step 4:While-reading

T:Now please read the passage again and answer the following questions.(出示PPT)

T:Now who can answer Question One?OK,the girl,please.

S1:It’s usually very hot.

T:Yes. Is it often rainy in spring in Canada?

S2:Yes,it is.

S3:Yes,it often rains in spring.(这里,笔者为避免话语结构的机械重复,改用行为动词一般现在时态来表达。)

T:Then,what can Mike do in autumn in Canada?

S4:He can pick apples.

S5:He love to watch the leaves fall.

T:You mean he...(这里,笔者没有直接指出学生话语表达中的语法错误。)

S5:He loves to watch the leaves fall.

T:Yes,he loves to watch the leaves fall. The leaves fall in autumn,so people call autumn“fall”. Right?

S6:Right!

T:Where is Mike now?

S7:Mike is in Canada.

T:In Canada?Do you all think so?

Ss:Yes.

T:OK. Now, please read the passage again.(学生再读课文。)

T:Where is Mike now?

Ss:Mike is in Beijing.

T:Yes. You’re clever. Pay attention to the sentence.“Sometimes it snows here in Beijing,too.” The word “here” means“in Beijing”. In Canada,is it really very hot in summer?

S8:Yes,I think so.

T:Oh,no. In fact, in Canada, summer is usually comfortable,with the city temperatures ranging from 20°C to 27°C. For a few days(almost always in August)it can get pretty hot,reaching up to 32°C with no breeze.(笔者边说边板书具体的气温。)

(以上有些问题在语篇中是没有直接答案可找的,需要认真研读文本和仔细思考后才能回答。如:问题5,只有找到语篇中的关键句子“It usually snows in winter in Canada.Sometimes it snows here in Beijing,too.”并理解关键词“here”在这里的指代才能作答。这里,问题的提出和练习的设计既源于教材,又高于教材,具有一定的深度,有助于提高学生语篇阅读的技巧和通过语篇阅读来获取信息、整理信息、加工信息及运用信息的能力。)

Step 5:Post-reading

A. Read the text again,and fill in the blanks with the right words,one word for each blank. The first letter of each word is given.

(“短文填空”的练习内容与学生学的语篇文本并不一样,语篇文本用第一人称来描述,而这个练习的内容是用第三人称单数来描述的,且增加了对加拿大的介绍。它对语篇文本作了高度概括,虽有一定难度,但适合绝大部分学生实际的英语语言水平。)

B. Discussion

(出示PPT。学生任意选择其中一个问题,分组讨论。)

(这三个问题贴近学生的生活。也正因为如此,学生讨论起来气氛热烈。当小组活动时,笔者走到学生中间,躬下身子,认真倾听,真诚参与学生的讨论。)

T:All right. Who can make a report?This boy,please.

T:You discussed Question...?

S1:Question Three.

S2:Question Three.

T:OK. You’re interested in Question Three. Which season do you like best in Haimen?And why?

S1:I like summer,because I can eat ice cream.

T:I like eating ice cream,too. But when I was as young as you are, I mean when I was a small boy, I liked ice cream very much, but I had no money.So you’re a lucky boy.(有机呈现“...,but ...”和“When ...,...”复式句式结构。)

(当学生说到因为在夏天可以吃冰激凌,所以喜欢夏天时,笔者用了一个“as…as…”句型,配以肢体语言讲的一番话,这似乎与上课内容无关,但是可以丰富课堂话语信息,增进学生的自然习得。)

S2:I like autumn,because I can pick apples and oranges in autumn.

T:Where can you pick apples or oranges?

S2:In the farm.

T:Oh,I see.You mean “on the farm”,right?

S2:Yes.

T:Is there a farm in Haimen?(当第二个学生回答可以在秋天去农场采摘苹果或橘子时,笔者马上又问她“Is there a farm in Haimen?”并指正。)

S2:No.

T:So you can’t pick apples or oranges on the farm.Maybe you have to buy some apples or oranges.Please don’t cheat me.

(无论是“短文填空”,还是“讨论”部分的三个问题的设计,都体现了笔者在语篇教学中对语篇文本的二度开发和拓展。应该说,以上三项练习的设计在挖掘文本内涵的基础上,拓展了文化的外延。这些练习涵盖了对学生听、说、读、写的语言技能训练,培养了学生综合运用语言的能力。学生从“学英语”水到渠成地转变成“用英语”。)

Step 6:Homework

Surf the Internet and try to find out:

1. Why apples are delicious in autumn?

2. What’s the average temperature(平均气温) in spring,summer,autumn and winter in Canada?

(布置这样的家庭作业,主要是为了改变学生课后作业机械、呆板的局面,切实培养“用语言做事,解决实际问题的能力”。)

(作者单位:江苏省张家港市教育局教学研究室)

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