北运河(北京段)底泥磷含量及其对上覆水质的影响

时间:2022-08-31 08:16:21

北运河(北京段)底泥磷含量及其对上覆水质的影响

摘要:采用SMT和Psenner分级提取法分别测定了北运河(北京段)底泥总磷和各结合态磷的含量,结果表明,春季北运河底泥TP平均

关键词:北运河;底泥;磷含量;磷形态;SMT;Psenner;富营养化

中图分类号:X522 文献标识码:A 文章编号:

在大部分水体富营养化治理过程中,对外源磷的控制并没有达到立竿见影的效果,因此近几年来针对上覆水体受底泥(内源磷)污染的研究越来越多。底泥是磷元素累积和再生的重要场所,其中的磷可以通过物理、化学和生物反应等各种复杂的过程再次释放到上覆水中,造成二次污染。

我国对于底泥磷的研究主要集中在大中型湖泊和城市浅水湖泊,如黄清辉[1]、金相灿[23]、李宝[4]等众多学者先后对太湖、巢湖、滇池等典型富营养化湖泊的底泥磷做了大量研究,为这些重度富营养化水体的有效治理提供了有力的理论支持;北京[5]、南京[6]、上海[7]等城市也开展了针对湖泊底泥磷的污染研究。

对于河流而言,底泥含量较湖库等封闭性水体低,其水体的动态性在一定程度上加快了水体循环自净能力,但同时也增加了对底泥的扰动和营养物质在水泥界面的迁移转化,增加了底泥二次污染的风险。特别对于城市内河来说,除了来自流域的地表径流和降水的补给之外,大部分水源来自城市工业废水和生活污水,水体和底泥污染情况更加严重。Lin Chunye[8]曾采用选择性分步提取法对大辽河底泥磷进行了提取分析,指出河水的长期污染会导致河流底泥对磷的吸附能力的下降,释放风险增加;黄建军[9]、李大鹏[10]等对

城市河道底泥磷的吸附释放机理及影响因素等进行了研究,发现水力停留时间、环境温度和风速都对河流底泥磷的吸附释放有明显影响。

北运河作为北京市最大的排污河,是典型的重污染城市内河,一直是北京水环境治理的重点和难点。目前对于北运河底泥磷的研究非常少,仅有李楠等学者[1112]曾采用BowmanCole有机磷分级修正体系,对北运河下游底泥中有机磷的形态分布特征和矿化机制进行了分析研究。本文拟采用化学连续提取法对北运河(北京段)的底泥磷进行了分级提取,测定北运河(北京段)春季底泥总磷和各结合态磷的含量,分析各结合态磷吸附释放特征和相关性,并结合生物有效磷和相关水质数据分析底泥磷对于上覆水体水质的影响,揭示了控制和消减底泥磷对于治理北运河水体富营养化的重要性,为北运河流域进一步合理有效地治理提供参考。

北运河发源于北京市昌平区军都山南麓,先后流经北京市、河北省香河县和天津市武清区,直至天津市大红桥汇入海河,是海河水系的重要组成部分,承担着泄洪、引滦输水、调水等多重任务。北运河作为北京市流域面积最大、支流最多的重要水系,如今已成为北京市最大的排污河和污染最严重的河流。

本研究综合考虑支流汇入影响、采样点的均匀性以及采样易操作性,于2012年4月对北运河从沙河水库至杨洼闸河段的9个采样点进行春季采样,所有采样点均使用全球卫星定位仪(GPS)进行定位。各采样点分布和名称见图1和表1。

[BT2][STHZ]2 结果与讨论

北运河(北京段)各形态磷含量见表2。在使用SMT法测定北运河底泥样品TP时,同步测定沉积物标准物质(GBW07423(GSS9))的TP含量,其回收提取率达到9432%,所以底泥样品TP的提取率可以达到分析研究要求。将Psenner分级提取的各结合态磷总和与SMT法提取测定的TP比较,以确定Psenner法的提取效率,详见表2中

P法提百分率。除采样点5的样品提取百分率偏低以外,其他采样点均达到80%以上,平均提取率为9331%,可以达到分析研究要求。

2.1 各形态磷含量

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