《乡愁乡愁》:行走中的思索

故l对多数中国人来说都是特别的存在，乡情、乡愁更像是一种文化基因和生命密码，无声地浸润在一个人的血脉里，纵使少小离家、双鬓斑白，也依旧乡音未改，故乡萦绕在心头永远不曾远去。而故乡、乡情对中国人有两层含义，一种是生命意义上的，通常指一个人出生、生长的地方，而另一层含义是情感、文化意义上的，比如一个人生活过、在生命中留下深刻印记的地方，就像《乡愁乡愁》作者庞亚君所书写的松阳。

从《乡愁乡愁》的副题“松阳挂职手记”可以看出，这是作者在松阳挂职期间的所见、所闻、所感。

而当我翻开书阅读的时候，有了更多的惊喜。本书有着清晰的层次，共分为“乡村”“乡土”“乡野”“乡井”“乡风”五部分，内容写得既有趣味又有美感，更有作者自己的感悟和思索。这从文章的标题便可窥见一斑，比如，乡村部分的“竹溪流香”“鸣鹤”“酉田花开”，乡土部分的“柿子红了”“黑陶骷拧薄疤脑浦裰健保乡野部分的“茗阳天下”“茶籽两茂”“油橄榄”，乡井部分的“古市老街”“互联网+美丽乡村”“一带一镇”，乡风部分的“福源桥边”“民情地图”“一米阳光”等等。

作者写出了乡村之美，像“站在露台上，我极目远眺，斜阳的余辉映照出满山的绿意。想想，春风拂面时节，漫山遍野的果树开花了，栖居在酉田，又是何等的诗意盎然”（《酉田花开》），写出了乡村的古朴与纯粹；像“因为偏远、闭塞，这些古村落在一波接一波的工业化、城市化浪潮中，逃过了一劫又一劫，幸运地保存了下来”，“看得见山，望得到水，记得住乡愁”（《古与不古》），写出了乡村独特的民俗与风情；像“那书皮土布制成，传统印染，循环利用，既环保，又能品味，还能留下童年的记忆，犹如弯弯的小桥，串起绵绵的乡愁”（《寻访织女》）；而作者在书中着墨最多的还是自己的思索以及对乡村建设的规划。

书中说，对传统村落的保护，“应该是一种‘活态’保护，松阳就采取中医调理、针灸激活的方式，用最少、最自然、最不经意的人工干预，慢慢梳理村落的脉络肌理，恰到好处地植入一些现代元素，使原汁原味的乡村文化与现代时尚相映成趣”（《鸣鹤》）。对传统村落的开发，要“充分利用本土、低碳环保材质和废弃建材，以及生态环保技术，来维持原生态的田园风光、乡村风情、传统风味，并促进村落、民居、业态、民俗的复活”（《叩问》），以及在高速发展的信息时代，工业化和城市化怎样以时空分离的方式推进，“在古村落里植入新的业态，一样可以享受现代文明；在遥远的山村，因为互联网的连接，与世界‘零距离’接触”（《古与不古》），“我抛砖引玉‘e田园’的定位之下，能不能想出若干个‘e什么’？……‘e城市’‘e民居’‘e产品’‘e乡村’‘e文化’‘e旅游’‘e生活’……”（《e田园》）

此外，作者关注的还有乡村文化建设、乡村老人的养老、留守儿童的生活与教育等。读完这本书，让人很难相信这是一位下乡挂职人员的手记，通常来讲，挂职人员也许只是把下乡锻炼作为一份工作，只需努力把本职工作做好。

本书的作者难能可贵的地方是不仅仅把挂职作为一份工作，而是用心地观察、体验，付出了自己的情感与心力，并把挂职地松阳作为自己情感意义上的故乡。作者的这种投入、热爱、钻研、思考，使自己的作品非常“接地气”，充满乡土气息。

An Urbanite’s Perspective of Rural Redevelopment

By Qing Hu

For most Chinese people whose life experiences have been shaped and overwhelmed by tremendous changes of modernization and urbanization in the 20th and 21st centuries， their family roots can be all traced to somewhere in rural China. For these people， rural origin is both a cultural gene and life password. Therefore， home for most Chinese means at least two things： it is where one is born and grows up； it is where one once lived. Songyang， a rural county in Zhejiang， is exactly such a place for Pang Yajun， who worked in the rural county as a government official on temporary assignment. He has published ， a collection of essays he wrote during his stay there.

The author writes about what he sees， experiences and thinks there. These essays are about villages， rural products， lifestyles， scenic attractions， with a focus on rural redevelopment in Songyang.

The author waxes lyrical about the rural beauty. In one essay， he describes what he sees from a balcony in a village. While seeing the mountains bathed in slanting sunshine， he couldn’t help but wonder what the mountains would look like in springtime.

He finds that some villages have escaped industrialization and urbanization by luck and by chance and they remain nearly intact due to their remoteness from anywhere. The local lifestyle and handmade products remind him of the bygone era one now can only access through books and old photos.

The author likes what the county government does for preservation of rural villages. The preservation policies are compared to the philosophy behind some therapies of traditional Chinese medicine： no radical and abrupt measures； original features must stay as much as possible； changes， if absolutely necessary， are introduced in the minimalist manner and as least as possible. Construction materials， used for development projects， must be low-carbon and green. Recycled materials are always the first choice. The essential idea behind the policies is what’s preserved can attract tourists and generates income to the rural economy.

And how to introduce internet into rural life and economy is something Pang as a government official thinks a lot about. After all， rural economy needs to connect with modernization and industrialization of the outside world. Two essays in the book detail some of his consideration on the issue.

Pang pays attention to the rural issues such as cultural development， life and education of children left behind by their parents working away from home， and care of the aged in villages. These are big issues in rural areas. Finding effective solutions is very important.

For Pang Yajun， Songyang is by no means a county where he stayed for a time. The temporary assignment plunged him into the rural past and present and enabled him to examine concerns and issues. Somewhat he bonded with Songyang emotionally. During his temporary assignment in the rural county， he occasionally traveled back to Hangzhou to take care of his young child and look after his mother. These essays reflect his dedication to his work and his bond with Songyang.