腓骨支撑踝关节融合术在大骨节病性距骨坏死中的应用价值

时间:2022-08-30 06:20:57

腓骨支撑踝关节融合术在大骨节病性距骨坏死中的应用价值

[摘要] 目的 探讨腓骨支撑踝关节融合术治疗大骨节病性距骨坏死的效果。 方法 选择2012年1月~2016年1月于陕西省宝鸡市中医医院骨科住院的大骨节病性距骨坏死患者45例,给予腓骨支撑踝关节融合术。记录研究对象的随访情况;摄踝关节正侧位X线片,观察骨融合情况,并行组织学观察;分别在术前及术后6、12个月随访,比较骨密度(BMD)、最大抗压缩强度及美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)评分。 结果 所有患者术后均全部获得随访,平均(8.5±1.1)个月。切口均于术后2周拆线。X线片示术后4周骨痂形成;术后5周患者疼痛减轻,足部外形改善。样本BMD检测及相应的生物力学检测结果显示,术后BMD及最大抗压缩强度均有所增大,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。不同时间段AOFAS评分,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 结论 腓骨支撑踝P节融合术治疗大骨节病性距骨坏死,愈合及融合快,可达到完全骨性愈合,并发症少,术后骨密度及生物力学功能恢复良好,疼痛缓解,临床综合效果较好,值得广泛推广应用。

[关键词] 腓骨支撑踝关节融合术;大骨节病性距骨坏死;美国足踝外科协会;影像学;组织学

[中图分类号] R683.420.5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)06(c)-0102-04

[Abstract] Objective To study the effect of fibula support ankle arthrodesis in the treatment of Kashin-Beck disease talus necrosis (KTN). Methods A total of 45 cases with KTN treated in Department of Orthopaedics, Baoji Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2012 to January 2016 were selected. All patients were given fibula support ankle arthrodesis treatment. The follow-up conditons were recorded. X ray of the anklelateral was taken to observe the bone fusion, and given histological observation. Bone mineral density (BMD), the maximum compression strength and the American association of ankle surgery (AOFAS) score were compared before surgery and 6, 12 months after surgery. Results All patients were followed-up after surgery, with the average time of (8.5±1.1) months. The incisions were removed the stitches in 2 weeks after surgery. X ray showed bone callus formation in 4 weeks after surgery. Pain was relieved in 5 weeks after surgery, foot shape had improvement. BMD test and the corresponding biomechanics test results showed that, the BMD and the maximum compression strength had increased, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The differences in different time of AOFAS scores were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Fibula support ankle arthrodesis in the treatment of KTN has fast healing and fusion, can achieve complete osseous healing, and fewer complications, postoperative recovery of BMD and biomechanics function are good, pain has relief, comprehensive clinical effect is good. It is worthy of popularization and widely application.

[Key words] Fibula support ankle arthrodesis; Kashin-Beck disease talus necrosis; The American association of ankle surgery; Imaging; Histology

大骨节病(Kashin-Beck disease,KBD)是一种以关节软骨和骺板软骨变性、坏死为基本病变的地域性病,主要分布于我国的川藏到东北的狭长地段[1]。资料显示,大部分KBD患者均会伴有相应程度的踝关节病变,主要表现为距骨异常坏死[2-3]。KBD性距骨坏死(KBD talus necrosis,KTN)常表现为对称性发病,全身各部位的软骨均可发病,确切的发病机制尚未统一,有学者推测其可能受地理环境、饮水及菌性中毒等影响[4-5]。目前随着我国经济的不断发展、生活条件的日益改善及地方病的有效防治等,KBD的发病率呈现降低趋势[1],但对成人KTN的患病治疗方案国内尚缺乏较为全面系统的研究。研究报道,目前KTN治疗多以手术为主。而切除坏死骨后应用的填充物主要为大块的自体骨,包括膝骨、骼骨等,对于KBD患者及年幼儿、自体骨源条件相对差者,自体骨骨量很难得到满足,该治疗方法的应用受到限制。踝关节融合术作为治疗创伤性踝关节炎及严重畸形的主要手段,其可显著缓解病痛、纠正并改善畸形。自1879年Alter首次描述踝关节融合术以来,已有不少于三十种术式应用于临床,但至今仍缺乏一种较为满意的术式。如何降低手术创伤、减少并发症、增加踝关节融合率,一直是此领域研究的重中之重。为此,本研究在踝关节融合术的基础上采用腓骨支撑进行KTN治疗,效果满意,报道如下:

本研究结合经腓骨外侧入路的支撑踝关节融合术,优势明显。①经腓骨外侧入路由于无神经血管皮瓣,避免血管神经受损,术后并发症发生率低。②外侧入路腓骨截除后胫距关节直接显露,骨赘处理视野开阔,手术时间缩短,效率提高。③利用腓骨支撑提供良好的关节融合抗旋转性及稳固性,加速骨性融合。④对于远山区、经济落后地方的KBD患者,该方法降低了内固定材料使用的成本,经济压力较小。

综上所述,腓骨支撑踝关节融合术治疗大骨节病性距骨坏死,愈合及融合快,可达到完全骨性愈合,并发症少,术后骨密度及生物力学功能恢复良好,疼痛缓解,临床综合效果较好,值得广泛推广应用。

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