时间：2022-08-21 07:19:15
Abstract: This article has conducted the research and analysis to the monitoring and management platform technology for existing building energy consumption equipment, and combined with the key technologies of the Internet of things technology-designed a set of intelligent system for building energy consumption monitoring and management based on wireless sensor network middle-ware. The system achieve the building energy consumption monitoring and rational utilization based on building energy service equipment (such as in lighting equipment, air conditioning equipment etc.) monitoring and management. Energy consumption of the equipment meet the scene of the user for the comfortable environment by change the state of environment , and the user can monitor the running status of all the equipment and environment variable information in the process, and to control energy consumption equipment.
Keywords: WSN; CAN bus; Smart building network; embedded gateway
0 Introductions
We cannot ignore the cost of “enterprise” and “University” “Hotel” “hospital” and other buildings in China’s government. That is the expensive electricity. We often spend a lot of energy by means of administrative management, to carry out publicity work on energy management and energy saving, such as: “energy saving”, “lights”, but have little effect. In recent years, the most extensive energy management building will easy to receive the effect of energy saving, for example, many buildings on the replacement of lamps and lanterns, large-scale use of energy-saving lamps, compared to incandescent lamps in the past, energy consumption decreased, energy saving effect is obvious. But some have taken fine energy management, building energy-saving emission reduction work has encountered many bottlenecks, the potential of energy-saving and emission reduction gradually (marginal) situation. Survey: 25 target buildings have the central air-conditioning in 36 goals, has installed 64.9%, technical level is not a unity, and the larger gap between them, there are still 8 buildings without use intelligent system, accounting for 22%, there are 15 buildings in the use of incandescent lamp small, even 2 buildings incandescent lights, the ratio reached 20%, only 11 buildings using the LED lamp, accounted for only 30.6%. LED lamps using the largest proportion accounted for about 30%, the smallest is only 1%.
The Internet of things is an important part of the new generation of information technology. First, realize the interconnection between the object and the object. The ideal situation is achieved at any time, any place, any people, things and objects, and communication between people and things, so as to achieve the integration and sharing of information. Communication technology which uses include wired and wireless communication among all, wired communication technologies include computer network communication, optical fiber communication technology; wireless communication technology mainly includes the microwave communication, radio communication, infrared remote sensing, Bluetooth technology, ZigBee technology, wireless network. In addition to the mainstream of communication technology, communication terminal endings for the Internet of things, there are contact and non-contact two collection information (temperature sensor is a contact, and the RFID technology is a non-contact). The Internet of things second important nature is “perception”. Through the “perception”, the Internet of things can be obtained from a variety of environment, abundant information of object perception, and networking with the outside world, between the various parts of the world or internal dialogue, this is a process of information exchange. Provides the basic source of information perception process for Internet of things about food, is the foundation of the Internet of things.
Based on the above two points, it be imperative IOT technology in building energy saving and emission reduction. But the traditional energy management system has the advantages of high reliability, network coverage based on computer network, but the system initial build complex, not easy to change the middle late, unable to expand and transplant disadvantages, energy management system in recent years to gradually shift to network by wireless sensor technology, building energy management the system uses wireless communication technology to be flexible, users can network topology of the system in later modification, expansion and transplantation has thus become feasible.
1 The function of intelligent building
The modern intelligent building and control system consists of building user service system (intelligent Home Furnishing, access, multimedia transmission), building energy management system (air conditioning, lighting and other energy consumption monitoring and management), building safety management system (fire, theft, waterproof pre alarm management), building public affairs system (personnel information database, property management). The overall structure is as shown in Figure 1 for the intelligent building concept.
2 The overall scheme of the system
The field bus which control system with CAN bus and FCS hardware design in general can be carried out according to the steps:
(1) The number of nodes, define control quantity type, signal characteristics; (2) choose the node controller and the adaptation components; (3) according to the transmission medium of CAN bus physical layer protocol, design the wiring scheme, up the bus network.
According to a government office building needs, the design of the temperature measurement and control, building automation system based on CAN bus including building a power failure alarm, fire alarm, and automatic meter reading system. It’s overall structure as shown in figure 1.
The BAS control center is mainly to achieve a variety of functions based on network management, monitoring and management of the system and all the field intelligent nodes, including the login node, node running state diagnosis, monitoring node, to achieve some node operation or control. Temperature measurement and control system consists of the monitoring center or the scene node set point temperature or control cooling / heating equipment start and stop to adjust the different functional areas (such as office buildings, halls, conference rooms, coffee hall) in different time (such as a day in the morning, in the evening,) temperature, such can save heating in winter and summer heat costs. A power failure alarm subsystem through value information whether the node to node sampling the voltage and current, and thus the implementation of the corresponding alarm and start the emergency equipment action.
Fire alarm subsystem automatic fire alarm through the provision of fire detector circuit detection in different locations and information, start the corresponding control program, performs a series of analysis, judgment, confirm, record, display, alarm, linkage, start the fire equipment action. Automatic meter reading system can be divided into two levels, one is the concentrator of the central control room, and one is the site of the collector. The collector is responsible for the real-time data acquisition, and data statistics, storage; concentrator can be regularly or irregularly from the collector to obtain the required data, and complete statistics, data report, print and database management, concentrator and the collector communicates by CAN bus.
3 Energy monitoring and management technology
The middleware of internet of thing is the bridge between the network application and the underlying data acquisition equipment, through its packaging it has many common functions, such as reader management, event management, data management software is realized, thereby reducing the development of the monitoring and management system of cost, and shorten the development cycle. Because the middleware is the center equipment management, data management and event management and core components, so it is very important to the whole network system in the matter.
Middleware software module between energy consumption monitoring and management system located in hardware platform for wireless sensor network and other network users in the application process, which is responsible for solving the problem of heterogeneous communication and processing in wireless sensor networks and other networks. First of all, it needs to support various kinds of operation of hardware platform of wireless sensor networks. System and data packet structure parse and process monitoring data in wireless sensor networks through the adapter module. Secondly, it also needs to other network user application process provides application programming interface standard, enabling communication and data operation between two heterogeneous network. Middleware in the energy management system in place is as shown in figure 2.
4 The design of hardware and node function
Based on Characteristics of building monitoring system and requirements of Zigbee technology, this paper takes the CC2420 chip supporting Zigbee protocol as the wireless transmission module. Sensor nodes have small volume, low power consumption, reliable communication. The sensor node and sink node is designed in this paper has the different hardware structure, as shown in figure 3.
In Figure 3, the node is mainly composed of a programmable module, power supply module, Zigbee communication module, sensor module, processor module ‘unit, flash memory module, 10 extended interface module, device control unit module. The processor module MSP430F1611 is the core of the sink node, programmable module allows the user to write programs to the node according to the logic and function specific, it provides users with support flexible programming function of the ZigBee communication module; CC2430 is responsible for the communication between nodes, it follows the ffiEE802.15.4 specification; all sensor nodes in includes a sensor unit module, it can monitoring of environmental temperature, humidity and illumination data; 10 extended interface module provides the external function of the sensor node, through 10 extended interface module, a node can increase the monitoring data types; equipment control unit module for the sink node in the system (the head node) part of a unique, processing and execution it is mainly responsible for the downlink data system. When the system down instructions, time to change certain energy consumption equipment status and operation of these energy equipment, equipment control unit module is responsible for the control of receiving commands and processes the middleware server, usually it and building lighting system, air conditioning control system interface connected to each other.
Node subsystem is divided into two kinds: the sub node and sink node, so the software development is design for two different nodes in a system node to software functions. Node software mainly includes two parts: communication control and data acquisition.
For each child node, system requirements, it adds its own data into packets and sent through the RF module out, at the same time, its own RF module be able to accept to other sensor nodes send the data packet. System design application program BlinkToRadio for each sub node. The program consists of two types of
components composition, a BlinkToRadioC module application code, in addition to the BlinkToRadioAppC configuration file. The program design process for each sensor node as shown in figure 4.
For each of the sink node, system requires that it can receive from the wireless sensor network data, and is able to broadcast data to other child nodes. System design Base Station application program for the each sub node. Components of the program will achieve the two events, one for the Event RadioReceive.Receive event code, in addition to the EventUARTRecdve.feceive event code. The program flow of the sink node is as shown in figure 5.
5 Conclusions
The paper design a low carbon energy and realize a certain function of artificial intelligence building energy consumption monitoring and management platform, this system can not only realize the basic functions of modern building energy consumption monitoring, but also has the following characteristics: 1, can realize the rational allocation of energy consumption equipment load, to achieve the purpose of energy saving; 2, to overcome the past rigid fixed threshold control the mechanism of binding, realize the dynamic adaptive allocation scheme based on user scene; 3, suitable for modern building office building work environment. At the same time, the design and development of the building energy consumption monitoring and management platform based on Internet of things. The platform is dedicated to the energy consumption of the equipment monitoring and management, realize energy saving and human automation energy monitoring function.
References
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