谈高中12句英语作文法

【摘 要】笔者在20多年的英语教学过程中，通过多年在教学一线的探索，实践和积累，同时经过反复多次的实际论证以及大量的比较，逐渐地摸索出一条英语写作的捷径，即：12句英语作文法。所谓12句作文法指的是：头三句，尾三句，正文大约写六句。

【关键词】英语教学;英语作文法

近些年来，全国高考英语作文要求的字数基本上都限制在100词左右。因此，学生既要按要求完成写作内容，同时还要控制和把握写作的字数。在此背景下，研究出一套既符合写作规律又能满足高考写作要求的英语作文法则势在必行。12句英语作文法即在此背景下应运而生。

众所周知，一篇好的英语作文需要达到以下几个条件：

1.满足写作要求，语言流畅，文笔娟秀

2.段落清晰（开头，正文与结尾布局得体）

3.包含较复杂和较高级的语法

4.书写工整美观

那么如何写出一篇既要满足写作要求，同时又要文笔流畅，且满足几种条件的英语作文呢？

在总结12句英语作文法之前，我们首先要对高考作文的种类加以梳理。通常高考作文有三类：应用文（包括普通书信/email， 求职信， 通知等）;观点文（先谈论现象再说结果，最后表达自己的观点或建议等）;对比文（通常给出A和B两种看法，然后说出你自己的观点）。其它的一些写作内容均可以归类于这三个之中。那么“头三句，尾三句，正文大约写六句”指的是那些呢？

一、头三句

说的是作文的开头用三句话来开篇，简洁明了。

（一）应用文类

普通书信/email的开头方式。如：

I’m glad to write to you . Thank you so much for your help and care. Now I’m writing to tell you something about ….

（当然，Thank you so much for 后面的内容是十分灵活的，如：Thank you so much for your present / greetings / photos / visit / sharing your story with me ….）

求职信的开篇方式。如：

I’m writing to apply for a position as …in your company/unit. I’m quite interested in the position because I think that I’m suitable for it. It would be a great opportunity for me to start my career in your company.

演讲稿的开篇方式。如：

It’s a great honor for me to speak here on behalf of sb. Thank you so much for being with me. Today what I want to talk about is ….

通知的开篇方式。如：

Attention， please， boys and girls ./ladies and gentlemen . I have an announcement to make. / I have got something important to tell you now. As everyone knows， ….

（二）观点文的开篇方式。如：

Nowadays， more and more people become interested in doing sth. They spend much time and money in doing sth. As a result， sth happens.

（三）对比文的开篇方式。如：

Recently， our class （has） held a discussion about whether people should do sth. Faced with this problem， people take different attitudes.（或people hold different opinions.） Here are people’s opinions.

二、尾三句

说的是作文的结尾也用三句话来概括或收尾。

（一）应用文类

普通书信/email的结尾方式。如：

I hope that you can have a wonderful time every day. I also hope that you will make greater progress in your study / work. I’m looking forward to receiving your early reply.

求职信的结尾方式。如：

I would be very pleased if you could offer me an opportunity to interview me. I sincerely hope that I can get the position in your company so that I can serve for the company in the future. I’m looking forward to your early reply.

演讲稿的结尾方式。如：

I feel very happy to share myself with all of you . I hope that what I talked about today can be a little bit helpful to you. Thank you so much for being with me.

通知的结尾方式。如：

Your participation will be very much welcomed. I hope that everyone can have a good time .For further /more information， please call ….

（二）观点文的结尾方式。如：

I hope that people should / shouldn’t do sth. I think that people can really benefit from （not） doing sth . In fact ， it is helpful and useful to do sth.

（三）对比文的结尾方式。如：

As far as I’m concerned， I’m strongly in favor of （或agree with） the first /second opinion because people can really benefit from it. Of course， it is helpful and useful to us. What do you think ？

三、正文大约写六句

无论是应用文（普通书信，求职信，通知，演讲稿等），还是观点文及对比文，均可采（一）First of all， …. In addition ， …. In other words， …. More importantly， …. At the same time ， （亦可用Above all， ….）…. All in all， ….

（二） To begin with， ….Additionally， …. For example ， …. What’s more， …. In fact， ….To sum up， ….

（三） On the one hand， …. Firstly， ….Secondly， ….Thirdly， ….Finally， …. On the other hand， ….

在每个过渡词的后面，写上一两句话。这样逐步深入的按照要求，由表及里，由浅入深，按部就班的而使全文一气呵成。

但同时也应注意，在写作时英语的过渡词不宜使用过频，即所谓过渡词不要过度。而应注重文章的实际内容。如果过渡词使用过多，会使人有一种不舒服的感觉，毕竟过渡词是用来连接上下文句，使文章语句通顺，衔接得当自然的，否则就有哗众取宠的意味。

四、12句英语写作法应注意的几个问题

（一）当12句话不足100词左右的时候，我们可以通过在某个适当的名词后面加上一个定语从句（非限制性定语从句尤佳）。这样下来，通常字数一定符合要求。如：

原句：I have got a good friend. But he likes playing outline games very much alone at home.

修改后： I have got a good friend ， who is always ready to help other people. But he likes playing outline games very much alone at home.

（二）行文时应注意三种类型句子的交替使用。即：简单句，并列句和复合句。这样能够使得文章错落有致，文笔通畅。如：

During the National Day， almost all the Chinese people chose to travel around the country. However， some people chose Japan for their destination and even they spent about ￥28，700，000，000 in shopping there， which made us astonished and confused.

其中：During the National Day， almost all the Chinese people chose to travel around the country 是一个简单句。而However ， some people chose Japan for their destination and even they spent about ￥28，700，000，000 in shopping there 是一个由and引导的并列句。最后一句which made us astonished and confused 是一个非限制性定语从句，与前面的主句一起构成一个复合句。

（三）过渡词的应用

过渡词不仅仅局限于前文中所涉及的这些，亦可采用其它的词语。 如：过渡性副词：

Naturally， Additionally， Personally， Interestingly， Strangely， Moreover， Anyway， Surprisingly， Generally， However， ….等等。

（四）12句英语作文法遵循的原则：审题列纲穿成串，过渡加句连成片。

审题指的是弄清题材（应用文，观点文还是对比文）;把文章的要求或在笔端或在心中列出大框或要点，以备书写之用。把这些要点穿在一起，也就构成了文章的主体内容。然后在适当的句与句之间加上贴切的过渡词，使语句通顺连贯。最后，在必要的名词后面加上一或两个非限制性定语从句。于是，一篇完整的文章也就诞生了。

综上所述，要写一篇好的文章，在满足基本要求基础上，掌握这12句英语写作法（头三句，尾三句，正文大约写六句）一定会使文章书写变得更流畅、更丰富、更快捷。

参考文献：

[1]高级英语写作（Advanced English Writing） 周红红著 清华大学出版社