青贮玉米单交种、三交种对生物产量的影响

摘 要：为了研究青贮玉米单交种、三交种对F1的影响，选用6个有代表性的青贮玉米育种材料，组配成4组不同的单交种、三交进行产量观测试验。结果表明，第二单交组合与第一单交组合、三交组合间存在显著差异，是优良组合；第一单交组合与三交组合间基本持平。说明单交组合在生物产量上有显著的优势（一般配合力情况）。B2组的单交组合的生物产量增产显著。但在特殊组合产量比较时，第二组的三交组合产量最高。单交组合能更广范地提高青贮玉米的生物产量。但也不否认特殊的三交组合可以获得好的生物产量。通过产量回归分析得知，各指标与产量的相关性排序为：株高＞籽粒＞行粒＞穗长＞秸秆＞穗位高，且均达极显著水平，穗粗达显著水平，穗行与生物产量成正相关，果穗秃长与生物产量成负相关。

关键词：青贮玉米；单交种；三交种；产量

中图分类号：S513 文献标识码：A DOI编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006－6500.2012.04.031

Effect of Single-crossed Hybrid and Tri-crossed Hybrid of Silage Maize on their F1 Hybrids

CHEN Gui-lan, YANG Kang-chun, MENG Yue-qun,JIANG Ye-zhao,LI Xiao-xia

(Liuzhou Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhong Branch, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Liuzhou，Guangxi 545003,China)

Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ: In order to research the effect of silage maize single-crossed hybrid and tri-crossed hybrid on their F1 hybrids,six inbred lines of silage maize were selected to make up four groups of singe-crossed hybrids and tri-crossed hybrids for comparison of yield performance.The results showed that the single-crossed hybrids of B2 showed significant difference from the single-crossed hybrids of B1 and tri-crossed hybrids of B3，and no significant difference between single-crossed hybrids of B1 and tri-crossed hybrids of B3, suggesting that single-crossed hybrid had advantage on yield. The single-crossed hybrids of B2 led to a significant increase in yield, while the tri-crossed hybrid in the second group showed the maximum yield. The single crossed hybrid led to a general increase in yield of silage maize, and the tri-crossed hybrid could obtain a good yield. Regression analysis of yield revealed that factors order of being very significantly positively correlative with yield were: plant height>maize seed> grain number >ear length>straw weight>ear height per row, ear width was significant correlation. ear row number,was positively correlative with yield, and negative correlation was found between rare ear and yield.

Key words: silage maize；single-crossed hybrid； tri-crossed hybrid； yield

发展青贮玉米育种对促进青贮玉米生产的发展有作重要的意义[1-2]。玉米种质是玉米育种的物质基础，掌握其主要植株性状的遗传规律和F1代的表现，为自交系的利用和强优组合的选配提供依据[3]。提高产量是作物育种的目标，玉米的产量是由多个农艺性状综合作用的结果[4]。进一步明确各主要农艺性状在产量构成中的作用，有针对性地进行自交系的选择和杂交组合的选配，从而提高玉米的产量[5]。张丽颖等[6]研究表明，要组配强优势杂交组合，应注意选择株高、穗位适中的类型。李波等[7]以区域试验的青贮玉米品种为供试材料研究表明：株高、采收日期数和穗位是影响产量的主要因素，提出选择综合农艺性状好的品种是提高青贮玉米生物产量的有效途径。孙发明等[8]论述了饲用玉米品种的选育历史、国内外研究现状、育种策略和目标。本试验选择6个有代表性的青贮玉米自交系材料，以3个自交系材料为一组，同时组配出两组单交组合和一组三交组合进行产量及各种农艺性状观测。以期筛选出优良自交系和组合，发现优良测配杂交模式的规律，旨在为该自交系的利用和新组合测配提供依据。