时间：2022-08-18 09:22:16
英语中有的词随着意义的变化，其形式和用法也会随之而变。尤其值得注意的有：suggest, insist和与之有关的同根名词:lie, hang。某些动词的意义不同其后是接不定式还是动名词就会有所区别，其后接不定式或动名词之别又引起意义上的差异。
I. suggest和insist
A. suggest, suggestion做 “建议”解，insist, insistence做“坚决主张、坚决要求”解时，that引起的宾语从句、主语从句和同位词从句的谓语动词皆用虚拟语气，即：谓语动词用should+动词原形，should也可以省略。如：
（1）The manager suggested that we (should) make an immediate decision.=The manager suggested our (us) making an immediate decision.=The manager’s suggestion is that we (should) make an immediate decision. = That we (should) make an immediate decision is the manager’s suggestion. =That we (should) make an immediate decision is suggested by the manager.经理建议我们马上做出决定。
（2）The doctor insisted that he (should) stay in bed for another five days.=The doctor insisted on his staying in bed for five more days.= The doctor’s insistence is that he (should) stay in bed for five more days.=That he (should) stay in bed for another five days is the doctor’s insistence.= That he (should) stay in bed for five more days is insisted by the doctor .大夫坚决主张他在床上再待5天。
B. suggest，suggestion做“表明、说明”解，insist，insistance做“坚持说、坚决认为”解时，that所引起的宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。如：
(1)The officer’s silence at the meeting suggested that he didn’t agree to the plan.＝That he didn’t agree to the plan was suggested by the officer’s silence at the meeting.会上那位当官的沉默不语表明他不同意这个计划。
(2)The boy insisted that he had done nothing wrong.＝The boy’s instistance was that he had done nothing wrong.=That he had done nothing wrong was insisted by the boy.那男孩坚持说他没干什么坏事。
II. lie和hang
A. 1.lie(p. t. lay; p. p. lain)
1.躺；卧 （1）（指物）平放在某物之上；在某处。 （2）保持在某种状态或位置。 （3）展现；展开。 （4）（船只）停泊。 （5）（指抽象物）存在；在某种情况。如：
（1）The old man has lain sick in bed for years.
那老者病卧于床好些年了。
（2）How long has your bicycle lain like this in rain.
你的自行车这样搁在雨中多久了？
（3）The prisoners have lain in prison for nearly twenty or thirty years.
那些个囚犯监禁将近二三十年了。
（4）The valley lay before us after an hour’s quick walk.
一个小时的急行之后，山谷就展现在我们面前了。
（5）Never worry. He’ll do everything that lies in his power.
千万别着急。他会尽力的。
2. lie(p. t. lied; p. p. lied)撒谎；说谎。如：
（1）He lied to his father.
他向他父亲撒谎了。
（2）She is again lying to you. Don’t believe her.
她又在撒谎。别相信她说的。
B．hang
1.（p. t .hung; p. p. hung）挂；悬；垂；吊。如：
（1）She hung the washing in the garden.
她把洗了的衣服挂到院子里。
（2）Hang your coat on that hook over there.
把你的大衣挂到那里那钩上。
2.（p. t. hanged; p. p. hanged）吊死；绞死；施以绞刑。如：
（1）The spy was hanged from the big tree.
那间谍是在那棵大树上被吊死的。
（2）They hanged a very large dog and divided it into four for each of them to eat.
他们吊死了一只大狗，然后分成4份儿，每人一份儿拿来吃。
III．be afraid to do sth.和be afraid of doing sth.
A. be afraid to do sth.意为“不敢做……”，相当于dare not do sth.或not dare to do sth.如：
（1）I am afraid to climb up the tall tree as I am afraid of height. =I dare not (don’t dare to)climb up the tall tree as I am afraid of height.我不敢爬上那棵大树，因为我有恐高症。
（2）The boy is never afraid to do anything.=The boy dares to (dare) do everything.那个男孩无事不敢为。
B. be afraid of sb./(doing ) sth.意思是“害怕某人或（做）某事。”如：
（1）I can say that nobody in the world is not afraid of tigers.
我敢说世上没有人不怕老虎。
（2）He dare not play games in an internet club as he is afraid of being seen by his parents or teachers.
他不敢在网吧打游戏，因为他怕被父母和老师看见。
C. be afraid+宾语从句，意思是“恐怕……”。如：
（1）I’m afraid they won’t be able to arrive so soon.
恐怕他们不会那么早就到吧。
（2）I’m afraid the weather will turn out to be fine in two or three days.
再过两三天天气就会转晴吧。
IV．某些动词的意义不同，其后宾语动词的形式也就不一样
A. remember/forget to do sth.记住/忘记未做之事；remember/ forget doing sth.记住/忘记已做之事。如：
（1）I’ll remember/ won’t forget to turn off the computer when I leave. I don’t think you need to worry.
离开时我会记着（不会忘记）关电脑的。你不必担心。
（2）Do you remember/Haven’t you forgotten our meeting each other at the station five years ago?
你还记得（还没忘记）5年前我们曾在车站见过面吧？
B. regret to do sth.（对即将做或未做之事表示）道歉、遗憾；regret doing sth.（对已做之事感到）后悔、遗憾。如：
（1）I’m always regretting selling my favourite Chinese-English dictionary.
我因为把我那本心爱的汉语词典给卖了，老是感到后悔。
（2）We regret (are sorry) not to tell you the truth at the very moment.
不好意思，当时没把真实情况告诉你。
C. stop to do sth.停下来（停下手中之活）做（去做另外的事），不定式短语用做状语，表示目的；stop doing sth.停止做……（停下来手中正为之事），动名词短语用做宾语。如：
（1）Will you please stop to help us？ We are in great need of help.
请停下来帮帮我们，好吗？我们很需要人帮忙。
（2）Will you please stop making so much noise？ Nobody can hear what the lecturer is speaking about too clearly.
请别吵闹太厉害，都没人能听清楚演讲者的话。
D. go on to do sth.（搁下手中之活）继续做（另外之事）；go on doing sth.继续做（手中之活）。如：
（1）Let’s have a little rest and then go on doing what we’re dealing with now.我们稍息片刻，然后接着做我们现在所为之事。
（2）The teacher asked the students to stop reading aloud and then told them to go on to make notes of what he was saying.
老师叫学生别再朗读了，然后又接着叫他们做笔记。
E. mean to do sth.想要做某事，意欲做某事；mean doing sth.意思是，意味着。如：
（1）I didn’t mean to get you into trouble, but ...
I’m really sorry.
我本不想让你难堪的，但……实在抱歉。
（2）Revolution means liberating productive force.
革命就是解放生产力。
F. can’t help to do sth.无助于做某事；can’t help doing sth.情不自禁做某事。如：
（1）We can’t help to do this for you, so we must say sorry.
我们无能为力帮你们办此事，在此我们感到歉疚。
（2）The audience couldn’t help cheering when they saw the little girl’s wonderful performing.
观众们看到那小女孩精彩的表演都情不自禁高声喝彩。
G. try to do sth.努力，（想方设法，尽力）做某事；try doing sth.试着，尝试做某事。如：
（1）He tried hard to give up smoking, but failed.
他想戒烟，但没做到。
（2）After we had begun to learn English for some time, we tried speaking English in English class.
我们学了一阵子英语之后，就试着上英语课时讲英语。
H. like/prefer/dislike/hate to do sth.（某时具体的）喜欢/不喜欢/讨厌做某事；like/prefer/dislike/hate doing sth.（一般倾向性或习惯性的）喜欢/不喜欢/讨厌做某事。如：
（1）She liked/ preferred to play tennis when she studied at middle school.
她在中学读书时喜欢打乒乓球。
（2）I disliked/ hated to be spoken like that when I was young.
我小的时候讨厌别人对我那样讲话。
I. want/ need /require to do sth.想要/需要做某事；want/need/require doing（只能接及物动词）＝want/need
/require to be done需要……（动名词主动形式表示被动意义）如：
（1）Her daughter wants to go to Qinghua University.
她女儿想读清华大学。
（2）I think our teacher needs/requires to explain the difficult questions to us once again.
我想我们的老师需要把那些难题再给我们解释一下。
（3）The question wants/needs/requires explaining again.=The question wants/needs/requires to be explained again.
那个问题需要再次解释。
J. begin/start/cease to do sth.开始/停止做某事（指一般情况）；而（表示有意识地）开始/停止做某事，则begin/start/cease doing sth.如：
（1）We began/started to work at once.
我们立即开始工作。
（2）They began/started working on the project about three months ago.
大约3个月前他们就着手那项工程了。
K. see/hear/watch/notice /feel+宾语＋do sth.看见/听见/观看/发现/感觉……做了某事（强调宾补语动作发生的过程和结果），其被动结构为：be seen/heard/watched/noticed/felt to do sth; see/hear/
watch/notice/feel+宾语＋doing sth.看见/听/观看/发现/感觉到……正在做某事（强调宾补语动作的进行），其被动结构为：be seen/heard/watched/noticed/
felt doing;see/hear/watch/notice/feel+宾语+done(只能是及物动词)：看见/听见/观看/发现/感觉到……被……（宾语是宾补语动作的承受者），同样也有被动结构形式。如：
（1）On arriving at the theatre, we noticed them singing the popular song.
一到剧场，我们就发现他们正在唱那首流行歌曲。
Arriving at the theatre, we noticed them sing quite a few popular songs.
到剧场，我们发现他们唱了好几首流行歌曲。
Arriving at the theatre, we noticed several popular songs sung.
我们一到剧场就发现已经唱了好几首流行歌曲。
（2）The teacher watched the students making the experiment.
老师观看学生们做实验。
The teacher watched the students try the experiment.
老师看了那些学生做实验。
The teacher watched the experiment done.
老师观看了做实验。
（3）I felt someone pat me on the shoulder.
我感觉到刚才有人拍了我的肩膀。
I felt someone patting my shoulder.
我感觉到刚才有人在拍我的肩膀。
I felt my shoulder patted.
我感觉我的肩膀被拍了一下。
（4）Passing his house, we heard Father scolding his daughter.
从他家经过的时候，我们听到父亲在责怪女儿。
We heard Father scold his daughter.
我们听见父亲责怪了他的女儿。
When we passed his house, we heard his daughter scolded.
从他家经过时，我们听见他女儿挨骂。
L. have+宾语+do sth=get+宾语+to do sth.让（使）某人做某事；have+宾语+doing sth.让/使（一直做）＝get+宾语＋doing sth.(进入某种状态)；have+宾语+done=get+宾语+done让（别人）做某事。如：
（1）How large manpower do you think we will get to/have help with the summer harvest?
你认为我们将找多少人来帮我们夏收？
（2）I won’t have anyone cheat me.=I won’t get anyone to cheat me.
我不会让任何人骗我的。
（3）She’ll have you doing all the housework if you are not careful.
如果你不小心的话，她会要你把所有的家务活都干了。
（4）The lecturer soon got all of us thinking.
演讲者马上就使得我们所有的人都思考了。
（5）My hair is too long. I’ll have to have/get it cut.
我的头发太长了。我得找人理理。
练一练
（1）His pale face suggested that he______ seriously ill.
A. isB. was C. beD. should be
（2） She got all wet, so we insisted that she ________ her clothes.
A. would change B. changed
C. had changed D. change
（3）The student____________to his teacher again that he had been away mainly as his moher had been ill.
A. layB. laidC. lied D. lain
（4）We__________ the table and had a delicious meal together.
A. lay B. laid C. liedD. lain
（5） From the ceiling______ a large lamp and he was reading under it.
A. hangedB. hung C. hang D. hangs
（6） I think I know you as I remember_________you somewhere before.
A. to meet_B. meetingC. metD. to have met
（7） Mr Smith asked you to close the door when you leave, but you again forgot______it.
A. to do B. doingC. having done D. done
（8） She said she was afraid the high tower because she was afraid______height.
A. to climb up; ofB. of climbing up; to
C. to climb up; toD. of climbing up; of
（9）She never seems to regret_________her valuablle necklace.
A. having lostB. to have lost C. lostD. to lose
(10) It’s unable to get there in only ten minutes on foot. Why not try______a bicycle.
A. to ride B. riding C. ridden D. rode
参考答案：
(1)B (2)D (3)C (4) A(5)B (6)B (7)A (8)A (9)A (10)B