时间：2022-08-18 02:17:22
一、定语从句与同位语从句
【对比判断】
①Last night I dreamed a dream I passed the entrance examination.
②The dream I dreamed last night was very funny.
A. which B. what C. that D. A或C
③The news we heard spread all over the school campus.
④The news Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.
A. / ？摇 B. that C. whether D. A或B
【答案】①C 同位语从句；②D 定语从句；③D 定语从句；④B 同位语从句
【解题锦囊】同位语从句是名词性从句（独立完整），是对一个名词加以补充说明，它的连接词不充当句子成分，但不可省略。常接同位语从句的名词有：conclusion， evidence， fact， hope， idea， news， opinion， problem， promise， reason， truth等。定语从句是形容词性的，对一个名词加以修饰限定，定语从句（不完整）的关系代词代替先行词在句中充当成分，充当宾语时可省略。
二、定语从句与状语从句
【对比判断】
①We young people should go we’re most needed.
②We young people should go to we’re most needed.
A. the place which B. where
C. the place where D. which
③It is such a difficult problem nobody can work out.
④It is such a difficult problem nobody can work it out.
A. as B. what C. it D. that
【答案】①B 状语从句；②C 定语从句；③A 定语从句（such...as固定搭配）；④D 结果状语从句
【解题锦囊】状语从句首先是一个完整的句子，没有对应修饰的地点名词或代词，只能修饰动词或者句子，如果它是说明动作发生的时间，那就叫做时间状语从句，说明动作发生的地点，就叫地点状语从句；说明动作发生的结果，就叫结果状语从句。而定语从句（不完整的句子）一般是紧跟它所修饰限定的名词或代词之后，修饰、限制、说明地点名词或时间名词等。
三、定语从句与强调句型
【对比判断】
①It was in the house I saw that young man.
②It was the house I saw the young man.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
③It’s nine o’clock we got to the station.
④It’s at nine o’clock we got to the station.
A. as B. that C. when D. which
【答案】①C 强调句；②D 定语从句；③C 定语从句；④B 强调句
【解题锦囊】强调句和定语从句最大的区别在于，强调句去掉it is...that/ who后剩下的成份仍是一个完美句子；而定语从句去掉it is...that等关系代词（关系副词）后句子就残缺，不成立。
四、定语从句与独立主格结构
【对比判断】
①she heard a terrible noise， bringing her heart into her mouth.
②she heard a terrible noise， brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. what D. and which
③There are 80 students in our class， are boy students.
④There are 80 students in our class， boy students.
A. most of them B. most of whom
C. most of it D. most of who
【答案】①A 独立主格结构；②B 定语从句；③B 定语从句；④A 独立主格结构
【解题锦囊】独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等；独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词（不定式、动名词和分词）或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。最要注意的是：独立主格结构没有关系词和关系副词，更没有谓语动词。而定语从句的从句部分加上关系代词和关系副词却是一个完整的句子，具有谓语动词。
五、定语从句与主语（表语）从句
【对比判断】
① is well known， Hong Kong has been returned to our motherland.
② is well known that Hong Kong has been returned to our motherland.
A. Which B. As C. It D. That
③She was not the woman she used to be.
④The city is no longer it used to be.
A. which B. what C. whom D. that
【答案】①B 非限制定语从句；②C 主语从句（形式主语）；③C 定语从句；④B 表语从句（what相当于the city that...）
【解题锦囊】主语（表语）从句则是用一个完整的主谓结构句子来做另一个主谓结构句子的主语（表语），而定语从句是一个修饰名词或代词的主谓结构句子。
六、定语从句与并列句
【对比判断】
①She has many novels， some of are interesting.
②She has many novels， and some of are interesting.
A. that B. which C. it D. them
③Mr. Li has three daughters， is an engineer.
④Mr. Li has three daughters， but is a dancer.
A. none of them B. none of whom
C. who D. they
【答案】①B 定语从句；②D 并列句；③B 定语从句；④A 并列句
【解题锦囊】并列句的结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有：and， but， or， so等；并列句中的各简单句子相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列且独立的关系。但定语从句没有and， but or， so等等词引导，前后句有从属关系，从句是做了主句某个先行词的定语，会有whom， who， that， where， why等关系代词或关系副词出现。
七、定语从句与习惯句型
【对比判断】
①It is the first time she has been in Shanghai.
②It was the time Chinese people had a hard life.
A. that B. which C. it D. when
【答案】①A 习惯句型；②D 定语从句
【解题锦囊】It is/ was the first/ second time+that从句（从句用现在完成时）是固定句型。故第一题填that，其意为：这是她第一次在上海；第二小题the time是先行词，其后是表示时间的定语从句，故填 when。
【2012年高考母题练习】
1.【江苏卷】The notice came around two in the afternoon the meeting would be postponed.
A. when B. that C. whether D. how
2.【四川卷】If you happen to get lost in the wild， you’d better stay you are and wait for help.
A. why B. where C. who D. what
3.【重庆卷】Sales director is a position communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
4.【全国卷】It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
5.【江西卷】By 16：30， was almost closing time， nearly all the paintings had been sold.
A. which B. when C. what D. that
6.【浙江卷】We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A. why B. when
C. to whom D. on which
7.【全国卷】The party will be held in the garden， weather
.
A. permitting B. to permit
C. permitted D. permit
8.【浙江卷】I think Tom， as the head of a big department， should either study regularly or his job.
A. quits B. to quit C. quitting D. quit
9.【重庆卷】It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic Zheng sailed to East Africa.
A. when B. that C. after D. since
10.【山东卷】Maria has written two novels， both of have been made into television series.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
【答案】1.B 同位语从句；2.B 状语从句；3.D 定语从句； 4.D 主语从句；5.A 定语从句；6.B 定语从句；7.A 独立主格结构；8.D 并列句；9.B 强调句型；10.C 定语从句
（作者单位：江西省乐平中学）