局部应用辛伐他汀对家兔下颌骨骨折愈合的影响

时间:2022-08-14 04:24:07

局部应用辛伐他汀对家兔下颌骨骨折愈合的影响

[摘要] 目的 研究局部应用辛伐他汀对家兔下颌骨骨折愈合的影响,为辛伐他汀在口腔颌面部骨折愈合的临床应用提供相应的理论依据。方法 选择24只成年雄性新西兰家兔,所有家兔均在左侧下颌骨体处做线性骨折模型后行钛板钛钉内固定,将实验家兔随机分成实验组和对照组。实验组家兔下颌骨骨折区局部覆盖含有辛伐他汀的明胶海绵缓释膜,对照组骨折区局部覆盖不含辛伐他汀的明胶海绵缓释膜。分别于术后第2、4、8周处死实验动物,通过HE染色和免疫组化法分析辛伐他汀对家兔下颌骨骨折愈合的影响。结果 实验组骨痂形成与改建速率快于对照组;术后2、4周实验组骨形态发生蛋白-2阳性表达率明显高于对照组(P < 0.05),在第8周时两组差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论 局部应用辛伐他汀能促进新骨的形成,加速骨折的愈合。

[关键词]辛伐他汀;下颌骨骨折;骨折愈合;骨形态蛋白-2

[中图分类号] R782 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)01(a)-0024-04

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of Simvastatin on repairing mandibular fracture in rabbits, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Simvastatin in the treatment of oral and maxillofacial fracture. Methods 24male New Zealand rabbits made into fracture model with titanium plate fixation were divided into two groups randomly, including experimental group and control group. The rabbits of experimental group were covered by Simvastatin in form of slow-release gelfoam at local lesion and those of control group were covered by gelfoam without Simvastatin at local lesion. After 2, 4, 8 weeks of surgery, rabbits were executed. The effects of Simvastatin on bone fracture repairing were evaluated by HE staining and immunohistological staining. Results The rate ofbone callus reaction in the experimental group was faster than that of control group. The expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 in the experimental group was higher than that in control group at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery, and the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 in two groups had no significant difference at 8 weeks after surgery (P > 0.05). Conclusion Simvastatin can promote the formation of new bone and accelerate fracture healing.

[Key words] Simvastatin; Mandibular fracture; Fracture healing; Bone morphogenetic protein-2

人w颌面部突出于体表且直接暴露于外界,易受外力致伤。有文献记载口腔颌面部外伤占全身创伤的7%~20%[1],而下颌骨骨折又占颌面部骨折的大部分。长期以来如何更快更好地促进颌面部骨折的愈合,使其恢复原有的形态和功能,一直是口腔科医生的追求。辛伐他汀是临床上常用的一类降脂药。Mundy等[2]研究表明,他汀类药物具有增强骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)启动因子的活性。Sugiyama等[3]研究发现,亲脂性他汀药物如辛伐他汀比亲水性的他汀药物更能促进BMP-2启动因子活性。有实验证实局部应用辛伐他汀能促进新骨形成[4],因而辛伐他汀一直是研究成骨作用的热点药物之一。本实验主要研究局部应用辛伐他汀对家兔下颌骨骨折愈合的影响。

1 材料与方法

1.1 实验动物

选用24只6月龄健康雄性新西兰家兔,体重(3.0±0.2)kg,清洁度良好,合格证号:SCXK(黑)2012-002,由哈药集团中药二厂提供。在清洁干燥的饲养条件下入圈饲养观察1周后,将所有家兔进行编号(1~24号),将编号所对应的纸条采取抽签的方式随机抽取12个作为实验组,剩下12个作为对照组。

1.2 实验药物

将10 mg辛伐他汀(山东罗欣药业有限公司)碾碎溶于10 mL无水乙醇(辽宁泉瑞试剂有限公司)中混匀,制备辛伐他汀溶液,吸取1 mL溶液完全浸入明胶海绵(江西省祥恩医疗科技发展有限公司,批号15110801)中,恒温箱烘干,即制备成含有1 mg辛伐他汀的明胶海绵。取1 mL不含辛伐他汀的无水乙醇完全浸入明胶海绵,恒温箱烘干,即制备成不含辛伐他汀的明胶海绵。60Co辐射灭菌。

目前辛伐他汀促进成骨的动物实验中,在用药方式上多数采用口服给药和皮下注射。口服他汀类药物需要经过肝脏的首过效应,真正进入血液循环的药物不足5%,且进入骨折区的药物更少;此外辛伐他汀的半衰期为1~3 h[19],并且在服药后的2 h才开始在末端组织内小剂量聚集[20];并且口服给药一般需要较长疗程,患者依从性不能保证。皮下注射会给患者带来附加伤害、增加感染机会。因此两种给药方式在临床使用中均存在弊端。在用药剂量上,局部应用辛伐他汀的药物剂量一直存在一定争议,有实验证明局部应用含有1 mg辛伐他汀是更有利于促进新骨形成[21-22]。本实验采用骨折复位固定手术同时,给予含有1 mg辛伐他汀的明胶海绵缓释给药,使药物迅速作用于骨折部位,避免口服给药和注射给药的缺陷,保证长期局部所需的药物浓度。

本次试验表明局部缓释应用辛伐他汀能够加速骨折愈合,为今后辛伐他汀在促进新骨形成、加快骨折愈合方面的研究提供理论依据以及实验基础,为临床上治疗颌面部骨折提供一种新思路。但是辛伐他汀促进成骨机制以及局部应用药物的用量方面需要进一步研究。本次试验样本量较小,具有一定局限性,需要更多高质量、大样本的实验进行验证。

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(收稿日期:2016-08-19 本文编辑:程 铭)

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