数词考点聚焦

英语中的基数词是表示“多少”的,序数词是表示“顺序”的｡基数词与序数词之间的转换规律､分数的表达法､各个不确切数量词之间的不同搭配关系及其与名词的搭配等,这些都是同学们应该全面掌握的｡下面笔者以2006年部分省市的中考试题为例,谈谈对数词的考查热点｡

[热点一] 考查基数词的写法和用法

[真题再现]

① ―Which class won the match in the end?

―I’m not quite sure. Maybe__________did.

A. Class Third B. Class three

C. third Class D. Class Three(吉林省 )

② We were so late getting to the theatre that we missed _____ .

A. first act B. act first

C. the Act One D. Act One(大连市)

③ John told me he lives in_____ .

A. Room 16 B. the Room 16

C. Number 16th Room(四川省 )

④ Kate, there is a picture of a panda on_____ .

A. the 55 page B. Page 55 C. Page 55th(武汉市)

⑤ In figures(数字), a million is_____ .

A. 1,000, 000 B. 100,000

C. 10,000 D. 100,000,000(宁夏回族自治区)

⑥ Inside a box there are six smaller boxes, and inside each of the smaller boxes are six much smaller boxes. How many boxes altogether?_____ .

A. Thirty-six B. Thirty-seven

C. Forty-three D. Forty-two(烟台市)

⑦ This is the__________time in__________days that he has made the same mistake.

A. second, third B. two, three

C. two, third D. second, three(孝感市)

⑧ There are about two__________students in the newly built school.

A. thousand B. thousands

C. thousand of D. thousands of(杭州市)

[答案与简析] ① D; ② D｡基数词可位于名词后,表示序数词的意义｡“三年级三班”可以用“Class Three, Grade Three”表示｡多数情况下这样的词语可作专有名词看待｡ one, two, three 这样的基数词可以用阿拉伯数字1,2,3表示,也可以用罗马数字Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ等表示｡如:Unit 2(第二单元); Act Ⅲ(第三幕); Part I(第一部分)等｡ ③ A; ④ B｡“名词+基数词”可以表示书页､住所､房间､教室和编号､电话号码等｡ 如:202房间Room 202;第9号Number nine(No.9);第20页Page twenty(P. 20);第15路公共汽车Bus(No.) 15;第88幢楼Building(No.)88;3866988(电话号码)three eight six six(double six) nine eight eight(double eight) 等｡ ⑤ A｡a/one million 表示“100万”,也可写作1,000,000｡基数词中1-12是各自独立的单词｡如:one, two, three, ...twelve｡基数词13-19是在相关的词后面加后缀-teen｡如: thirteen, ...nineteen｡注意thirteen, fifteen和eighteen的写法｡20-90的整十数是在相关的词后面加后缀-ty｡如: sixty, ...ninety｡注意 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty 的写法;21-99是在十位数和个位数中间加连词符“-”｡如: thirty-five, fifty-eight, ninety-nine... 101-999在百位数和十位数之间加and｡如: three hundred and forty, five hundred and sixty-five... 1,000以上:千是 thousand,万是 ten thousand,十万是 hundred thousand,百万是 million,千万是 ten million,亿是 hundred million｡如:1,005one thousand and five 37,892thirty-seven thousand, eight hundred and ninety-two, 412,5345four million, one hundred and twenty-six thousand, three hundred and forty-five 切记上述基数词中的 hundred, thousand, million 等词均为单数形式｡ ⑥ C｡通过简单的运算“7×6+1=43”,可得出答案｡ ⑦ D; ⑧ A

[热点二] 考查序数词的写法和用法

[真题再现]

① September is the__________month of the year.

A. ninths B. ninth C. tenth D. eleventh(常德市)

② Her father has just had his_____ (四十)birthday.(河北省)

③ Can you answer the_____ (第三)question in English?(宁波市)

④ Our classroom is on the_____ (five)floor.(兰州市)

[答案与简析] ① B｡ September 是一年中的第九个月,第九应该是 ninth,不应该是 nineth｡注意:“基数词”变为“序数词”时,一般是在词尾加上“?鄄th”｡如: fourfourth; sixsixth; sevenseventh; tententh; thirteenthirteenth 等｡三个特殊的变化需分别加以记忆: onefirst; twosecond; threethird｡要特别记住: eighteighth; nineninth; fivefifth; twelvetwelfth;整“十”的“基数词”变为“序数词”时,先变y为i,再加?鄄eth｡即: twentytwentieth; thirtythirtieth; fortyfortieth; fiftyfiftieth; sixtysixtieth; seventyseventieth; eightyeightieth; ninetyninetieth｡几十几的“基数词”变为“序数词”时,只需将个位数变为序数词,而十位数词､百位数词､千位数词等都不变｡如: twenty-onetwenty-first; eighty-twoeighty-second; ninety-nineninety-ninth; one hundred and oneone hundred and first 等｡ ② 表示“某人的多少岁生日”,在 birthday 前面要用序数词,故空白处要填 fortieth｡ ③ 空白处要填序数词 third｡ ④ 将 five 变为序数词 fifth 后填入空白处｡

[热点三] 考查分数､百分数的写法和读法

[真题再现]

① About__________of the workers in that factory are young people.

A. third fifths B. three fifths

C. three fives D. three fifth(河北省)

② It is said that the gravity on Mars is only about__________if the gravity on earth.

A. three-eighths B. third-eighth

C. three-eights D. third-eight(苏州市)

③__________of the population here are peasants.

A. 20 percents B. 20 percent

C. The 20 percent D. The 20 percents(南通市)

[答案与简析] ① B; ② A｡分数词是由基数词与序数词构成｡其中的分子用基数词､分母用序数词表示,中间的连字符可有,也可无｡分子大于1时,表示分母的序数词为复数形式｡如:1/3one-third; 7/9seven-ninths 等｡注意:也可用 half 和 quarter 表示分数词,如:1/2a/one half; 1/4one-fourth; a/one quarter; 3/4three-quarters 等｡ ③ B｡百分数用“数词 + percent(百分比)”表示,前面不加冠词,且 percent 后面不加?鄄s｡

[热点四] 考查由数词与名词､形容词构成的复合词

[真题再现]

① Liu Xiang, 21, is an Olympic winner in the__________hurdles(跨栏). We’re proud of him.

A. 110-metre B. 110-metres

C. 110 metre(哈尔滨市)

② He wrote a__________letter.

A. five-hundreds-words B. five-hundreds-word

C. five-hundred-word D. five-hundred-words(兰州市)

③ Bill said they would have__________holiday.

A. a two-month B. two months

C. two-months D. two month’s(天津市)

④ I hear we will have a__________holiday in_____ .

A. two day’s; two day’s time B. two-day; two day’s time

C. two-day, two days’ time D. two days; two-day time(辽宁省)

[答案与简析] ① A; ② C; ③ A｡数词常与名词､形容词一起构成复合词,在句中用作定语,中间要用连字符“?鄄”,而且其中的名词为单数形式｡如: a five-year-old boy(一个五岁的男孩); an eight-metre-tall tree(一棵八米高的树); a four-week holiday(四周的假期)等｡ ④ C｡注意:“两天之后”可用“in two days; in two days’ time”等表示｡与此相类似的表示法还有: in three weeks/in three weeks’ time 等｡

[热点五] 考查年､月､日及时刻的表达法

[真题再现]

① ― What’s the date today?

― It’s_____ .

A. September the nineth B. the first of October

C. January fifth D. Saturday(宁夏回族自治区)

② ― What’s the date today?

―_____.

A. It’s June 17th B. It’s Saturday

C. It’s twenty to three D. It’s fine(南通市)

③ ―When were you born?

―I was born_____ .

A. on July 3th, 1993 B. in July 3, 1993

C. on July 3, 1993 D. in July 3rd, 1993(宁波市)

④ ―What time is it by your watch?

―Oh, it’s_____ .

A. a quarter to twelve B. fifteen to twelve

C. forty-five past eleven D. fifteen from twelve(河北省)

[答案与简析] ① B; ② A｡这两题考查“几月几号”的表达法｡如:10月10号October 10/October 10th/October the 10th/October tenth/the tenth of October｡ ③ C｡此题考查年､月､日的表达法｡如:2006年two thousand and six;2005年12月(in)December, 2005;2006年6月23日June (the) 23rd, 2006; June 23, 2006｡ ④ A｡此题考查时刻的表达法｡最常见的有以下几种方法:1)先点钟,后分钟｡如:6:30six thirty; 7:52seven fifty-two; 2)先分钟,后点钟｡“分钟数不超半小时”时,用“分钟数 + past + 钟点数”表示;“分钟数超过半小时”时,用“(60-分钟数)+ to + 下一个钟点数”表示,即“差几分到几点”｡如:5:25twenty-five past five; 10:43seventeen to eleven等;3)表示“整点钟”时,直接用“钟点数 + o’clock”表示｡“半点钟”用half 表示,“一刻钟”用a quarter 表示,用 fifteen 的较少｡如:6:00six(o’clock);10:30half past ten,4:45a quarter to five;7:15a quarter past seven 等｡

[热点六] 考查不确定数目､倍数及年龄､年代等的表达法

[真题再现]

① Nanjing is a city with many places of interest.__________tourists come here every year.

A. Thousand of B. Thousand

C. Thousands D. Thousands of(南京市)

② When he left China in_____ , he was already in_____ .

A. the forties; his fifty B. forties; his fiftieth

C. his forties; the fifties D. the forties; his fifties(无锡市)

③ My new bicycle cost me about__________my old one.

A. three times than B. three times as much as

C. three times much than D. three times as many as(贵阳市)

[答案与简析] ① D｡表示 “数百､数千､数百万” 等不确定数目时,要用 hundreds/thousands/millions of｡ ② D｡说“某人几十多岁”时,用“in + one’s + 基数词的复数形式”,如: in my thirties(在我30多岁时);说“几十年代”时,常用“in + the + 基数词的复数形式”｡如果意思上需要,在基数词的复数形式前可用 early, mid 或 late 等修饰｡如: in the early nineties(在90年代初期)等｡ ③ B｡花费的是金钱,所以要用“as much as”来修饰,而不能用“as many as”｡表示倍数的方法有:“主语 + 谓语 + 倍数(或分数)+ as + 形容词(原级) + as...,”和“主语 + 谓语 + 倍数(或分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级 + than...”｡例如: This room is twice as big as that one.(这个房间是那个房间的两倍大｡) Line A is four times longer than Line B.(直线A比直线B长4倍｡) The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than last year.(今年粮食产量比去年增长8%｡)