联合模锻与轧制汽轮机叶轮的成形工艺研究

时间:2022-07-31 08:58:07

联合模锻与轧制汽轮机叶轮的成形工艺研究

摘要:在汽轮机的实际运行过程当中,高压高温蒸汽能够在喷洒于叶片的过程中带动主轴,实现高速旋转。在这一过程当中,汽轮机叶轮所受作用力多来自于叶轮本身、主轴高速旋转过程中的离心力以及叶片重力影响,换句话来说,汽轮机叶轮在运行过程中会同时受到来自切向方向、径向方向、装配以及振动应力作用,从而致使力学性能各相关参数的重要性突出。与此同时,汽轮机叶轮受到作业环境特殊性的影响,为确保使用寿命的稳定性,还要求其抗高温、抗高压、抗腐蚀以及抗蠕变强度的结构特性。现阶段,如何低成本投入其高效率产出的对汽轮机叶轮进行成形作业,成为了现阶段相关工作人员普遍关注的问题之一。基于此,本文以汽轮机叶轮的成形为研究对象,着眼于一种新型汽轮机叶轮成形工艺——联合模锻轧制汽轮机叶轮成形工艺,从镦粗与初成形工艺分析、冲孔工艺分析、轧制工艺分析以及锻件精整工艺分析这四个方面入手,对其进行了较为详细的分析与阐述,并据此论证了此种成形工艺在控制投入成本,提高产出效率,兼顾生态节能的过程中所发挥的重要作用与价值。

关键词:联合模锻;轧制;汽轮机;叶轮;成形;镦粗;冲孔;精整;分析

Abstract: in the actual operation of the steam turbine, high-temperature high-pressure steam can in the process of blade spray to drive the spindle, realize high speed rotating. In this process, the steam turbine impeller by force from the impeller itself more, main in the process of high speed rotating centrifugal force and leaf gravity affecting, in other words, the steam turbine impeller in operation process will also suffer from cut to direction, radial direction, assembly and vibration stress effect and the mechanical properties of the importance of the relevant parameters outstanding. At the same time, the steam turbine impeller is the influence of the operation environment particularity, to ensure the stability of the service life, also requires his resistance to high temperature, resistance to high pressure, corrosion resistance and the structural characteristics of creep strength. At present, how to low cost investment its high efficiency of steam turbine impeller output for forming homework, become the relevant staff at one of the common concerns for. Based on this, the paper to the forming of the steam turbine impeller as the research object, focus on a new type of steam turbine impeller forming technology-joint die forging and rolling steam turbine impeller forming technology, from upsetting early and forming process analysis, punching process analysis, rolling process analysis and forging technology analysis of finishing the four aspects, the more detailed analysis and explained, and then demonstrates the forming process control input in cost, improve output efficiency, take into account the ecological energy-saving in the course of the play an important role and value.

Keywords: joint die forging; Rolling; Steam turbine; Impeller; Forming; Upsetting; Punching; Finishing; analysis

中图分类号:TU74文献标识码: A 文章编号:

汽轮机叶轮从本质上来说属于高度小且直径大的一类圆盘形锻件原件,其质量要求对于力学性能各相关参数的关注比较多。基于各方因素考量,当前应用比较普遍的汽轮机叶轮成形元件多为34CrMo以及35CrMoV等级钢,在轮毂端部及内孔位置满足汽轮机叶轮切向方向力学性能要求。从汽轮机叶轮的成形工艺角度上来看,传统意义上的自由锻作业方式不仅导致锻件生产效率不高,且材料利用率低。更为关键的一点在于:以自由锻方式对汽轮机叶轮进行锻造作业会使得整个成形作业在大吨位装备的影响之下失去灵活性。以上问题也正是现阶段相关工作人员研究的重点与中心。笔者认为,本文所提出的这种联合模锻与轧制的汽轮机叶轮成形工艺正好针对以上问题作出了解答,其在实际应用过程当中表现出的①.高生产效率、低能源消耗、②.高材料利用率,低制造成本以及③.一模多用、高工艺灵活性在内的几点特点需要引起相关工作人员的广泛关注与重视。笔者现从工艺流程入手,对此种成形工艺做详细分析与说明。

一、联合模锻与轧制汽轮机叶轮成形工艺之镦粗与初成形分析

首先,从镦粗施工角度上来说,加热至锻件锻造温度的坯料能够在自由镦粗作用之下构建成为高度一定的圆饼性原件。从这一角度上来说,镦粗作业最关键的目的在于确保原件内部组织结构的致密性,从而使锻件具备较高的切向力学性能参数。特别值得注意的一点:在汽轮机叶轮轮毂厚度小于等于350mm的情况下,锻件锻造比应当控制在4:1范围之上;其次,从初成形施工角度上来说,作业人员应当通过等于坯料重量与体积参数的极端确保金属部件的变形运动能够在充满模膛的基础之上不形成任何形式的飞边。

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