时间：2022-07-30 06:36:14
【Abstract】Taking Samantha Hunt’s Three days as research subject， the purpose of the present paper is to analyze the writing and stylistic characteristics and to introduce the translation process of the fiction. Based on the Chinese translation of the fiction， the paper analyzes different strategies and methods in the process of translation， including domesticating， foreignizing， translation of culture-bound words and so on. The paper also analyzes the difficult problems and the solutions in translation.
【Key words】Samantha Hunt； writing and stylistic characteristics； translation process； translation strategies and methods
【摘要】本文以_曼莎・亨特的短篇小说《三天》为研究对象，分析了小说的写作和文本特点，介绍了小说的翻译过程。并且针对本小说的中文翻译文本，着重分析了在翻译过程中使用到的各种翻译策略与方法，包括归化法，异化法，对文化词的翻译， 拟声词等等。本文还分析了在翻译过程中遇到的困难及解决办法。
【关键词】萨曼莎・亨特 写作和文本特点 翻译过程 翻译策略与方法
1. Introduction of the Author
The fiction Three Days is written by Samantha Hunt. Samantha Hunt was born in 1971 in Pound Ridge， New York， the youngest of six siblings. She was raised in a house built in 1765 which wasn't haunted in the traditional sense but was so overstuffed with books― good and bad ones― that it had the effect of haunting Hunt all the same. Her mother is a painter and her father was an editor. In 1989 Hunt moved to Vermont where she studied literature， printmaking， and geology. She got her MFA from Warren Wilson College and then， in 1999， moved to New York City. While working on her writing， she held a number of odd jobs including a stint in an envelope factory.
2. Analysis of the short story
2.1 What is the story about
The short story is about a young woman， Beatrice， who visits home for Thanksgiving. She is quite upset during his visit in her hometown for his beloved father’s death and misunderstanding with her mother. On the Thanksgiving Day， she finds herself riding horseback out to Wall-Mart with her stoner brother. After shopping， they find the horse ends up drowning in a lake in a construction pit. Finally， her brother tells her the truth which makes Beatrice feel frustrated.
2.2 Characteristics of the source text
2.2.1 Stream of consciousness
Stream of consciousness is a form of interior monologue which claims as its goal the representation of a lead consciousness in a narrative （typically fiction）. This representation of consciousness can include perceptions or impressions， thoughts incited by outside sensory stimuli， and fragments of random， disconnected thoughts. Stream of consciousness writing often lacks “correct” punctuation or syntax， favoring a looser， more incomplete style. This term is primarily associated with the modernist movement.
When Beatrice and he brother decide to ride Humbletonia， a single paragraph was written to describe the horse that remind Beatrice of her beloved father. From this paragraph， we get to know that Humbletonia is her father’s pet horse. Her father used to take a sleeping bag up to the loft above the horse’s stable after dinner and sing “Breathless” to the horse. He thought his pet horse would soothe the unease inside his rib cage. At the end， Beatrice reveals that his father got lung cancer. It reflects her sorrow towards her father.
The second place of stream of consciousness worth mentioning is when Beatice and her brother ride the rest of the way in silence， the click of Humbletonian’s hooves and the rush of the horse’s warm pulse make Beatice think of her mother. Her mother worked for a company and she was responsible for developing a fictionalized version of Montezuma-Cortes myth. Unfortunately， the company sold it for their own profit to an amusement park. However， her mother still keeps a painting of Montezuma over her bed and told Beatrice that she is in love with Montezuma now that her husband is gone. From this point， we can learn that her mother will always love with her father. It seems that Beatrice understand her mother’s sorrow a little bit. From the above fragments of thoughts， we get to know that Beatrice has a deep affection to her family though there are some misunderstandings between them.
2.2.2 Metonymy
Metonymy is a figure of speech used in rhetoric in which a thing or concept is not called by its own name， but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept.
When a car goes by， at this moment， a man in the passenger throw his cigarette butt to Beatrice and Clem and their horse. The author depicts the asphalt as a bomb sized for insect. From this kind of description， we may imagine that lung cancer is just like a bomb to Beatrice’s father. It also reveals that the human being is fragile as insect.
3. The Choices of Translation Strategies
3.1 Domesticating
Domesticating is an ethnocentric reduction of the foreign text to target-language cultural values， which brings the values back home（Yang，xianyi&Gladys，1980）.The translation of domesticating method calls for using an expression. The domesticating translation claimed that： translators should not break in on the readers as possible as they can， the other way round is that they should make the write close to the readers. Domesticating translation pursue that the translated text should accord with the criterion of the new language and culture. In other ways， domesticating method require the translators close to the readers， it allows the translator take the expression that the readers are used to. For example：
“Pity drips from her like a bit of drool out of the corner of her mouth…”
“她心中的忧伤就油然而生…”
Here， I adopted domesticating translation for there is no such expression of “a bit of drool out of” and “pity drips” in Chinese. Therefore， I translated them into “油然而生” and “忧伤”. This kind of translation edge out the differences of original language and culture， the translation makes the readers understand the translated text more easily and suitably. It play an important effect on consolidating the intention. For the western culture， the domesticating translation is a representation of cultural colonialism. The style of translated text is forced to tally with the type of English diction， while the choosing of the translated text should homage the aesthetic criterion of western mainland. The content of translated text must answer for the beforehand of the foreign culture， or they would be deleted. Furthermore， the translated text must be added up to more interpret material. In order to make the content adapt to the readers’ hobby and favoritism， sometimes， it can cutout the original text optionally.
3.2 Foreignizing
Foreignizing is a method， a pressure on those values to register the linguists and cultural difference of the foreign text sending the read aboard （Robinson，1997）.The foreignizing method allows translators close to the reader. In order to convey the original content， they protest to take the expression of original text. The strategy of forergnizing is the challenge for the strategies of domesticating. The effect of forergnizing is competing the foreign language and the differences of culture. While it can help readers feel the strange amorous feelings and the existence of the culture. Meanwhile， foreignizing can be an instrument that help the weak culture oppose the strong cultural invade. Now， the word needs the translation to break the hegemony， counteract the imparity in the culture. During the process of the foreign translation， the original words are respected， it smash the criterion of the culture， and it is good for accelerate the improvement of the new language.
4. Conclusion
Translation is a process that a language which will be translated reproduces a natural equivalence that is nearest to primary language （Gentzler， Edwin， 1993）. In the other word， the substance of translation is a lingual activity using a new language to express the other languages’ content. In a word， translation is switchover between two different languages. So we can conclude that translation of English to Chinese is the process that we use English to describe something in Chinese or we express something in Chinese instead of English， it also a process that set up bridge of idealistic and cultural intercommunion between English and Chinese. There are more differences between Chinese and English， as an translator， we must realize the diversity between these two languages. First， on the syntax， the phraseology of English is obvious， its parlance and logic has been put by changing the form of word of using conj， we call this combination figure-compose； while the syntax of Chinese is recessive， its words are formed by idea， so we can call it meaning-compose. Second， in Chinese， the omit in common use is the bypass of subject， there’s little elide of predicate； while in English， the changes of tense can help pass over the verb， however， there are a lot of differences between Chinese and English we don’t touch upon. The purpose of discussing the differences between Chinese of English is to put most translators in mid of the importance of commanding the two languages. Consequently speaking， translators must be provided with two languages’ skill， they must be good at grasp the correlation between the two languages， then find out the best integration not only in the style of characterization， but also in the habit of syntax， finally choose the best choices of strategies and finish their work.
References：
[1]Hatim，B.and I.Mason.Discourse and the Translator[M].London：Longman，1990.
[2]Nida，Eugene A.Toward a Science of Translating：WithSpecial Referenceto Principles and Procedures Involved in BibleTranslating[M].Leiden：E.J.Brill，1964.
[3]Nida，EugeneA.&C.R.Taber.TheTheoryandPracticeoftranslation[M].Leiden：E.J.Brill，1969.
[4]王佐良，丁往道.英Z文体学引论[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1987.
[5]Notes taken from translation course.