Analysis and Application of New Materials in Competitive Sports

Abstract. In modern new material engineering， the use of nanometer material has entered the high intensive utlization stage， and constantly there are new materials replacing traditional common materials. The so-called nanometer material is an kind of material with the magnitude size of 1-100nm. It emerged in the 80s of last century， because of the economic level at that time， the nanometer material was found， but hasn’t had a good development. Under the scientific and technological support， this technology has undergone tremendous changes in the relevant fields. The material types and usage width are constantly expanding， and the research achievements have been increasing for nanometer materials. Thus， we make a brief analysis on the application of nanometer materials in competitive sports engineering.

Key words： nanometer material； competitive sports engineering； biological safety

Introduction

In recent years， the research of nanometer materials has a great breakthrough， and the use of materials is also very diversified. All kinds of nanometer materials have been used very well in competitive sports activities. In view of the feature that nanometer materials are different from ordinary materials， the application of nanometer materials in sports equipment construction and sports facilities has obtained the unanimous recognition. This has promoted the rapid development of competitive sports to a certain degree， making sports have much development in competitive level and competitive types， constantly walking towards a scientific， humane and healthy path. In China， nanometer materials in competive sports engineering are mostly used in sports venues of stadiums， sports facilities and sports apparels， which brings relatively favorable influence for sports development in many aspects. We have the following several aspects to introduce the application of nanometer materials in competitive sports engineering.

1. The use of nanometer materials in venue construction

In the past sports venue construction， it mostly adopts cement ground or wood ground. The two kinds of material grounds have some shortcomings in all aspects. In order to change the deficiencies of the cement ground and wooden floor， people use the nanometer material ground as the competition venues of present competitive sports. Because nanometer material possession is smaller in size， which occupies a great advantage in the same material. In addition， the nanometer materials can make the ground surface very smooth， which is very suitable for athletes to do sports and training. Nowadays， in the application of nanometer materials in China’s competitive sports engineering， the stadium walls， ground and glass all use nanometer materials. Because nanometer materials have a special effect on noise absorption and reduction. The gap of stone material ground and the commonly laid wall material is smaller， which is hard to have sound-absorbing effect， while the area density of nanometer film of nanometer materials is very high， the incoming sound will be formed a free dispersion in the interior at the same time， reducing the ability to produce sound. At the same time， the surface density of nanometer materials is higher， so laying a very thin layer of nanometer materials on the ground will be tens of thousands of stealth nano films. The surface of these films will automatically form a dense protective layer. In the physical function， this protective layer is extruded to increase the sheet resistance， which effectively prevents the intrusion of outside liquid water， protecting the inner material drying very well.

The glass walls of many large stadiums in China also use nanometer materials， and the most commonly used material is nanometer waterproof material. The main component of this material is TiO2 reagent. After curtain wall assembly is completed， painting this reagent on the glass surface can have the effect of waterproof. The physical properties of this reagent is water repellent material. In the rain and snow weather， when there is water down on the roof， the reagent will make the rainwater fall off from the glass surface， at the same time， the dust on the glass will be taken away by the falling waterdrops. So， in this way， the gym ceiling will always keep a clean state. The curtain wall system of using the nanometer technology is divided into internal structure and external decoration structure in installation. It uses the relevant anti-fog painting layer inside the glass， using the current photolysis debugging technology. When the air is chaotic in the venue， the glass layer will automatically have chemical reaction in the sunlight condition， absorbing some harmful gases， such as formaldehyde and ammonia of this kind of harmful gas.

2. Sports equipment using nanometer materials

It is very popular to use nanometer technology in the venues， and using nanometer technology in sports equipment is more widely used. Nowadays， many sports rackets use the nanometer technology. And the tennis rackets， table tennis rackets and badminton rackets of using nanometer technology have been very mature. The adopted nanometer technology makes the racket weight reduce greatly and the flexibility and durability of the rackets have been greatly improved. From the many years’ tests and popularization， nanometer racket users generally believe that rackets of using nanometer technology are more comfortable in the operation， making the sports come back to nature， which will not be affected by the equipment.

3. Sports equipment using nanometer materials

The above two kinds introduce the products of using nanometer technology for sports projects， and it has no big reflection in athletes’ individual sense. But the sports apparels produced by nanometer materials indeed can bring more comfortable feeling to athletes. Because the high density and good air convection performance of nanometer materials make the lots of sweat of athletes rapidly excreted out of body through the nanometer layer. Some sport shirt fabrics is made of polyester fiber， coated with a layer of acicular silicon wire with the diameter of 20nm. This layer of nanometer materials can prevent the big drops of rainwater penetrate into the clothes， which can ensure the smooth air circulation inside and outside the clothes. Using nanometer materials can effectively promote the swimming industry development. The athletes wear the swimsuits of nanometer materials， which can reduce 20% of the water resistance in the water， greatly improving the movement efficiency. The clothes produced by the technology can solve the problem of athletes often appearing cold and ass staying in the water for a long time， resulting in festering， to a great extent. Through the technology means， it not only can strengthen the water resistance performance and anti-sunlight function， but also can enhance the clothing comfort. Constantly developing nanometer material technology has a very important significance of improving the competitive level.

4. The biological safety research of nanometer materials in competitive sports engineering

At present， the nanometer materials for competitive sports engineering at home and abroad are mainly carbon nonometer materials， nanometer oxides（ TiO2， SiO2） and nanometer metals， etc. The use of nanometer materials causes the biological safety problems， which are based on the following reasons：

（1）When the material particle size reduces to nanometer scale， the physical properties of the materials will have great changes. These changes may be good， but it may appear some changes not good for the material playing characteristics.

（2）Because the nanometer material particle size is very small， it can be up to tens of thousands in unit volume， compared with surface area.The surface performance is very high， and the surface atoms have very high activity， very unstable， in extreme temperature， it is easy to combine with other atoms， having stronger absorption performance and mutual reunion ability. It may have some chemical changes under the temperature influence， making the material characteristics have qualitative change.

（3）The epidemiological study shows that the ultrafine particles in the air have a very high deposition rate in the human respiratory system. The particle size is smaller and it is more difficult to be cleared by macrophages， and the ultrafine particles into the body through breathing are easy to transfer to the organs outside lung tissue， and it is easy to get through the blood-brain barrier， blood ocular barrier and get accumulated in these places. The minimum size of materials are absorbed into the body， so it is hard to use the conventional medical means to get rid of.

（4）The settling velocity of nanoparticles is about one millionth of micron particles， much smaller than the micron particles， governed by diffusion force and gravity， which is easier to be suspended in air and aqueous solution. Thus， nanoparticles can go into the human or animal body through the respiratory system， skin contact， injection or drugs， which can accumulate and transfer in the body， producing biological effect， so as to produce damage to the cells， lung， liver， kidney and brain. And this harm is often the damage that organ itself can not restore.

5. Conclusion

The use of nanometer materials has been very common in the modern society. In this paper， it mainly introduces the use of the technology in competitive sports engineering， including the use of nanometer technology in sports venues and grass curtain walls. The sports equipment used by athletes also uses a lot of nanometer materials， making the equipment performance and durability improve greatly. In addition， the technology innovation of sportwear brings tangible benefits to the athletes， which not only brings physical comfort， but also it provides the possibility to the athletes to create better sports performance.

The use of nanometer materials has many advantages but it also has many disvantages， especially the use of nanometer materials will do some harm to the human body. In this paper， it discusses the harm and influence of nanometer materials on the human cell aspects in details. In the future scientific research of competitive sports engineering of using nanometer technology， people should take the biological safety of nanometer technology as the main research direction， which not only ensures the material usage innovation but also ensures the materials on human safety protection. Thus， it can play the advantage feature of the materials to the maximum extent.

References

[1] GE Xin. Study on the physical health condition and physical exercises of young college teachers in Beijing[D]. Beijing Sports University； 2006. 4（12）： 166-168.

[2] HUANG Weiqing. Strengthening college sports work and developing college sports population[J]. Science and Technology Consulting Herald，2007. 14（16）： 137-139.

[3] LIN Yulong， ZHENG Xinghong. Study on sports population status and development strategy of some college teachers in Xiamen City[J]. Fujian Sports Science and Technology， 2009， 12（10）： 44-46.

[4] Chen Hua， He Xuan. Study on the sports exercises status investigation and countermeasures of university superior intellectuals in Zhejiang Province[J]. Zhejiang Sports Science， 2005， 27（6）： 26-29.